Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 12 стр.

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Complementary distribution concerns different environments of formally

different morphs which are united by the same meaning. If two or more morphs

have the same meaning and the difference in their form is explained by different

environments, these morphs are said to be in complementary distribution and

considered the allomorphs of the same morpheme (eg. desks, girls, glasses).

The morphemic analysis (sometimes also called morphological) is one of

possible methods of analyzing word structure along with the word-building

analysis. The morphemic analysis is a process of singling out morphs in a word

and stating their meaning. To state the borders between morphemes correctly, it is

necessary to study the word in a row of words which are structurally similar

(words with the same root and suffixes).

The procedure of the morphemic analysis states the morphemic structure of

the word. The procedure consists of two operations:

1) the stem is separated from the inflection by means of comparing word-

forms of the word;

2) relations between morphemes in the stem are stated by means of

comparing cognate words.

The morphemic analysis based on the distributional analysis gave rise to

such notions as morph, allomorph, morpheme, etc.

The theory of Immediate Constituents (IC) was originally elaborated as an

attempt to determine the ways in which lexical units are relevantly related to one

another. It was discovered that combinations of such units are usually structured

into hierarchically arranged sets of binary constructions. For example in the word-

group a black dress in severe style we do not relate a to black, black to dress,

dress to in, etc. but set up a structure which may be represented as a black dress /

in severe style. Thus the fundamental aim of IC analysis is to segment a set of

lexical units into two maximally independent sequences or ICs thus revealing the

hierarchical structure of this set. Successive segmentation results in Ultimate

Constituents (UC), i.e. two-facet units that cannot be segmented into smaller units

having both sound-form and meaning. The Ultimate Constituents of the word-