Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 83 стр.

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strictly defined, "absolute" demarcation line between the two types of

constructions. Instead he suggests that all simple sentences of English be divided

into two-axis constructions and one-axis constructions. In a two-axis sentence, the

subject axis and the predicate axis are directly and explicitly expressed in the outer

structure. In a one-axis sentence only one axis or its part is explicitly expressed, the

other one being non-presented in the outer structure of the sentence.

However, this point of view is not widely accepted, so we shall adhere to the

traditional approach. One-member sentences are further divided into:

a) nominal or "naming" sentences;

b) infinitival sentences.

Nominal sentences name a person or thing. The main member in such

sentences is expressed by a noun.

e.g. Winter. Snow.

The main member of infinitival sentences is expressed by an infinitive.

Infinitival sentences are fairly common in spoken English and literary prose. Like

other units of predicative value, they can communicate not only their denotative

meaning but also the connotative suggestions of various circumstances of their use.

e.g. To talk like that to your own mother! To have eloped with a butler!

One-member sentences should be kept apart from two-member sentences

with either the subject or the predicate omitted, i. e. from elliptical sentences.

Ellipsis in sentence-structure is a natural syntactic process in linguistic

development presented as normal practices in many, if not all, languages. In terms

of traditional grammar, elliptical sentences are generally identified as sentences

with the subject or predicate missing. Some grammarians hold another point of

view recognising ellipsis also in sentences where the secondary parts of the

sentence are felt as missing. Such was A. M. Peshkovsky' s treatment of elliptical

sentences in Russian. This view was also shared by B. Ilyish, L. S. Barkhudarov

and D. A. Shtellіng in regards to English. And this is the view we shall adhere to in

our course. So an elliptical sentence is a sentence with one or more of its parts left