Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 86 стр.

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Lecture 12

Constituent Structure of the Sentence. Syntactic Processes

1. The traditional scheme of sentence parsing.

2. The main sentence parts: the subject and the predicate, their types.

3. The secondary sentence parts: attribute, object, adverbial modifier.

4. The structural scheme of the sentence. The elementary sentence.

5. Syntactic processes.

1. The traditional scheme of sentence parsing

The study of the constituent structure of the sentence presupposes analysis

of its parts. The established classification of sentence parts reflects their important

property – whether or not they are involved in forming the predicative center of the

sentence. Traditionally the main and the secondary parts have been singled out.

Besides these two types there is one more — elements which are said to stand

outside the sentence structure. The two generally recognized main parts

are the

subject and the predicate. The secondary parts

include the object, the adverbial

modifier, and the attribute. Other secondary parts are also sometimes mentioned —

the apposition (its relation to the attribute is variously interpreted), the objective

predicative, and occasionally some other parts, too. However, everything is

relative, thus if we approach the problem of sentence parts from the point of view

of the structural-semantic minimum of the sentence, then many objects and some

adverbial modifiers will turn out to be as important and needed as the subject and

the predicate.

e.g. She opened the door. The book is on the table.

2. The main sentence parts: the subject and the predicate, their types

The subject and the predicate have a unique standing in the system of

sentence parts. They form the backbone of the sentence. They are interdependent

and independent of any other sentence member while all other members can be