Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 98 стр.

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roles assume that there is only a small finite number of them, no consensus has

been reached on the number or nature of the roles. Proposals range from just a few

to hundreds of them. The most common semantic roles include:

Agent/Causer: The ‘doer’ or instigator of the action denoted by the predicate.

e.g. John killed Harry.

Patient: The ‘undergoer’ of the action or event denoted by the predicate.

e.g. Mary fell over

Theme: A participant which is characterized as changing its position or condition,

or as being in a state or position.

e.g. The cat died.

Experiencer: The living entity that experiences the action or event denoted by the

predicate.

e.g. John felt happy

Recipient/Possessor: Entity receiving/ possessing some entity.

e.g. John got Mary a present

Goal: The location or entity in the direction of which something moves.

e.g. John went home.

Benefactive: The entity that benefits from the action or event denoted by the

predicate.

e.g. He showed me the stone.

Source: Object from which motion proceeds.

e.g. Mother promised me a new toy.

Factitive: The result of the action denoted by the predicate.

e.g. Mother baked scones.

Instrument: The medium by which the action or event denoted by the predicate is

carried out.

e.g. The key opened the door.

Locative: The specification of the place where the action or event denoted by the

predicate in situated.

e.g. The building houses several organizations.