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61
undergrowth. There was only the faintest indication of a trail here; a cracked twig
and what might be the impression of one side of a hoof. He lowered his chin and
stared at the traces as though he would force them to speak to him. Then dog-like,
uncomfortably on all fours yet unheeding his discomfort, he stole forward five
yards and stopped. Here was loop of creeper with a tendril pendant from a node.
The tendril was polished on the underside; pigs, passing through the loop, brushed
it with their bristly hide.
Jack crouched with his face a few inches away from this clue, then stared
forward into the semi-darkness of the undergrowth. His sandy hair, considerably
longer than it had been when they dropped in, was lighter now; and his bare back
was a mass of dark freckles and peeling sunburn. A sharpened stick about five feet
long trailed from his right hand, and except for a pair of tattered shorts held up by
his knife-belt he was naked. He closed his eyes, raised his head and breathed in
gently with flared nostrils, assessing the current of warm air for information. The
forest and he were very still. (W. Golding “Lord of the Flies”)
Extract 2
Big migrations in Europe are not new. After the collapse of communism,
millions moved abroad for political reasons: Jews to Israel, ethnic Germans home
from the Soviet Union, Russians back to Russia. Others were refugees from wars,
or migrated illegally. But, says Ali Mansoor, a World Bank economist working on
a study of post-communist migration due to be published next year, this one is
different: driven by economics not politics, and largely legal not illegal.
One of his biggest problems is measuring the scale of the new migration.
Official statistics underestimate the numbers, perhaps hugely. In Britain, where
central Europeans are supposed to register before seeking work, but often do not,
there are (supposedly) only 95 Polish plumbers. A tabloid newspaper managed to
find that many in a day, using a postcard-sized advertisement in a Polish-populated
part of west London. The total number of workers registered in Britain from the
new members is supposedly only around 175,000. But by some accounts, there are
