Профессиональное развитие будущих инженеров-строителей средствами иностранного языка: Лексический практикум по английскому языку. Трубникова Н.В. - 67 стр.

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67
Solar distillation
Solar stills consist of glass-covered water troughs in which solar radiation
evaporates the water, which then condenses on the cooler sloping glass roof and
is collected in channels. This method can be used in hot locations.
Cold-water services
Mains water is used in two ways: direct from the main and as low-
pressure supplies from cold-water storage tanks.
Mains supplies
At least one tap per dwelling and taps at suitable locations throughout
large buildings are connected to the main for drinking water. The main also
supplies ball-valves on cold-water storage tanks and machines requiring a high-
pressure inlet.
The economical use of water is important for safety, environmental and
cost control reasons. The manual flush control of WCs and the tap operation of
other appliances allows responsible usage. Urinals present a particular hygiene
and water consumption contradiction. The user has no control over the flushing
of water through the trough or bowl. The absence of flushing water leaves the
urinal unpleasantly odorous and discoloured. Cleaning staff may counteract this
by the excess dumping of deodorant blocks into the urinal. Perfumed toilet
blocks are up to 100% paradichlorobenzene. Toilet-cleaning fluid contains
phosphoric acid. These toxic chemicals are passed to the sewage treatment plant
through the drain system. Uncontrolled flushing when the urinals remain un-
used, particularly overnight, results in wasteful water consumption and no bene-
fit to the user. In the United Kingdom the supply of potable water plus the re-
moval of waste water from consumers costs Ј1.17 per m
3
(Southern Water
Services Limited, 1993/94) from a meter on the supply inlet pipe. An uncon-
trolled urinal cistern of 91 would flush, say, four times per hour, 24 h per day
for 365 days in a year and consume 315 m
3
of water costing up to Ј369.
The installation of a water inlet flow control valve to a range of urinals
will only allow flushing when appliances have been used, saving consumption.
The valve may be operated from a passive infrared presence detector, discharge
water temperature sensor or a variation in the water pressure within the same
room. A short-term water flow to a WC or basin causes the stored water pres-

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