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The first generation of what can be called a real computer,
not just a calculator, was the Colossus, put in operation in
1943 in Bletchley Park, near London, England. It was used to
decipher German codes in World War II The Colossus
1
however, was built only for this task. The distinction of the
first general-purpose computer goes to a machine known as
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator -
designed and built by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly
of the University of Pennsylvania in 1946.
These Machines were enormous by today's standards, but
they were less powerful than today's computers. They used
hundreds of vacuum tubes. The invention in 1948 of the more
efficient and much smaller transistor which does the same
work as vacuum tube, helped make today's personal computers
possible.
IV. Comprehension Check
1. Match the words and their meanings by placing the proper
letter on each blank.
__1. to calculate a) to find the meaning of something
__2. to punch b) to find out by working with numbers
__3. to decipher c) to make a hole in something
__4. to process d) to put something through the system
in order to get information
__5. enormous e) write, record names,
details into a book, etc.
__6. enter f) great, immense
2. Read the text again to decide if these statements are true or
are false? Correct the false ones with the facts from the text.
1. The first automatic large-scale calculator was completed in
1946.
2. The first generation of computers was used only as a
calculator.
3. The first computer was used only as a calculator.
4. The first computers were very huge, expensive and not
available.
5. The invention of transistor made computers more available
for everybody.
3. What do you think?
1. Who built the first automatic calculator?
2. When and where was the first computer put into operation?
3. What was it used for?
4. What was the first distinction of a general-purpose
computer? Who built it?
V. Discuss with your partner (or group-mates)
1. What new information about first computers have you learnt?
2. Can we call the man, who designed the first computer a
genius?
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