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c. in his washing machine
5. Hanry Ford decided to change the situation because the
automobile was still considered…
a. a toy for teenagers
b. a toy of the rich
c. a toy for inventors
6. In the early years of the existence Hanry Ford was
considered as … and the champion of the common man.
a. a great friend of monopolies
b. an enemy
c. an advocate
7. Henry Ford fulfilled his plan to build a motor car for the
man …
a. who could make a good salary
b. for the people who were not rich
c. who didn’t like the price of a car
Text 2
HENRY FORD
I. Read the text and do the tasks following it.
Ford was able to lower the price of the Model T from the
$850, which it cost when it first appeared, to $360 in 1916. He
did this by introducing mass production assembly line
techniques. In 1913 Ford conducted his first test of assembly
line manufacture. He drew up the techniques which he had
observed in a Chicago meat packing plant where an overhead
trolley moved the carcasses of animals from one butcher to
another: since each butcher had a special job, he could do his
cutting work faster and more efficiently than when he had to
cut up the whole animal by himself.
The assembly line revolutionized car production. A chassis
that formely took 12.05 hours to build in the shop, now rolled
off the assembly line in an hour and a half. This made it
possible to triple the production of Model T's within three
years.
Ford also introduced the $5.00 wage for an eight-hour day.
Such a salary was unheard of in 1914, and he attracted both
national and international attention when he began this
practice. He also introduced a plan which allowed his workers
to share in the profits of the company—the profit sharing plan
which is used by many companies today.
Ford was a genuine folk hero to the American people. He
represented the virtues of an older, simpler agrarian society—
hard work, self-reliance, and thrift even though he contributed
to the demise of agrarian life. He was a colorful figure, and
stories of his love of running (long before the days of jogging)
and his strange notions about diet (he sometimes ate grass
sandwiches) were well known. People had an idea of who
Henry Ford was—and he in turn, seemed to know what the
American people wanted in terms of a product.
As owner of the Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford
accumulated more than $1 billion. Between the years 1908 and
1947 when he died, he contributed more than $40 million to
charitable causes, such as public hospitals, and research
institutions. He established the Ford Foundation which
continues to support various programs in education, media,
and culture. And he constructed Greenfield Village, near his
birthplace in Michigan, as a living museum representing the
industrialization of America.
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