Английский для экономистов и менеджеров. Ульянова О.В - 6 стр.

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3. We have done this experiment before. The results are rather
___________________.
4. Our train leaves at 10 o’clock ________________________.
10 Read the text and say why economics is inexact.
AN INEXACT SCIENCE
Economics is the study, description, and analysis of the ways in which a
society produces and distributes. In economics, the term goods and services
refers to everything that is produced in the economy—all products and ser-
vices, including government “services,” such as national defense and the
prison system.
Economics is one of the social (as opposed to natural or physical) sci-
ences, as are psychology and anthropology. Social sciences examine and ex-
plain human interaction. Because of this, the findings and knowledge pro-
duced by a social science generally cannot be as exact or predictable as
those of a physical science, such as physics or chemistry.
For instance, if you put water in a saucepan on a stove, you know with
certainty that it will boil when it reaches 212° Fahrenheit. But if you are the
governor of a state and you raise the state sales tax, you cannot be certain
about the effect it will have. And you won’t be able to answer any of the fol-
lowing basic questions: How much money will the tax raise? In order to
avoid the tax, will people take more of their business across the state line?
Will they shop more often on the Internet, where there is no sales tax (yet)?
Will companies in the state experience lower sales and generate lower corpo-
rate income taxes as a result?
Economics deals with these kinds of questions, but it seldom comes up
with totally precise explanations or correct predictions.
Why? Because human behavior in the economic realm is as complex and
mysterious as it is in any other sphere of life.
Vocabulary
government правительство
prison тюрьма
national defense национальная безопасность
interaction взаимодействие
certainty определенность
sales tax налог на продажи
income tax налог на доходы
behaviour поведение
to avoid избегать

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