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Disaster strikes anytime, anywhere. It takes many forms - a hurricane,
an earthquake, a tornado, a flood, a fire or a hazardous spill, an act of nature
or an act of terrorism. It builds over days or weeks, or hits suddenly, without
warning. Every year, millions of Americans face disaster, and its terrifying
consequences.
FEMA's employees
FEMA has more than 6,651 full time employees. They work at FEMA
headquarters in Washington D.C., at regional and area offices across the
country, the Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center, and the National
Emergency Training Center in Emmetsburg, Maryland. FEMA also has near-
ly 4,000 standby disaster assistance employees who are available for de-
ployment after disasters. Often FEMA works in partnership with other or-
ganizations that are part of the nation's emergency management system.
These partners include state and local emergency management agencies, 27
federal agencies and the American Red Cross.
FEMA's history
The Federal Emergency Management Agency coordinates the federal
government's role in preparing for, preventing, mitigating the effects of, re-
sponding to, and recovering from all domestic disasters, whether natural or
man-made, including acts of terror. FEMA can trace its beginnings to the
Congressional Act of 1803. This act, generally considered the first piece of
disaster legislation, provided assistance to a New Hampshire town following
an extensive fire. In the century that followed, ad hoc legislation was passed
more than 100 times in response to hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and other
natural disasters.
By the 1930s, when the federal approach to problems became popular,
the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was given authority to make disaster
loans for repair and reconstruction of certain public facilities following an
earthquake, and later, other types of disasters.
The 1960s and early 1970s brought massive disasters requiring major
federal response and recovery operations by the Federal Disaster Assistance
Administration, established within the Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD). Hurricane Carla struck in 1962, Hurricane Betsy in
1965, Hurricane Camille in 1969 and Hurricane Agnes in 1972. The Alaskan
Earthquake hit in 1964 and the San Fernando Earthquake rocked Southern
California in 1971. These events served to focus attention on the issue of nat-
ural disasters and brought about increased legislation.
However, emergency and disaster activities were still fragmented. New
hazards associated with nuclear power plants and the transportation of haz-
ardous substances were added to natural disasters. More than 100 federal
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