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4. You will read the text ECOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. Before you read
do the tasks below.
A. Study the definition of one of the key terms of ecology and
guess the meanings of related terms.
Biota is the whole population of living organisms of a certain area.
• biotic
• abiotic
B. Look through the text and write out special terms of ecology.
Check their meanings in a dictionary.
Example: living organism
5. Read the text and answer the question:
1. When did the science of ecology appear?
2. What is general principle of ecology?
3. What is the difference between science of ecology and science of envi-
ronment?
ECOLOGY AS A SCIENCE
Ecology as an independent science was formed to the time of the 1900
year approximately. The term "ecology" is derived from Greek oicos–home
and logus–science. It was suggested by German biologist Ernst Heckel in
1869 year. Consequently , this science is very young and is on its stage of the
rapid increase.
There are many definitions of ecology, but the majority of modern re-
searchers suppose, that the ecology is a science, which studies conditions of
living organisms’ being and the interrelation between organisms and envi-
ronment, where they inhabit.
Theory in ecology consists of principles used to construct models. Un-
like evolutionary theory, ecology has no generally accepted global principles.
Contemporary ecology consists of patchwork of sub-disciplines including
population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, metapopulation
ecology, metacommunity ecology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology,
behavioral ecology. What is common to all this fields is the view that: 1) dif-
ferent biota interact in ways that can be described with sufficient precision
and generality to permit their scientific study; 2) ecological interactions set
the stage for evolution primarily because they provide an external compo-
nents of an entity fitness.
It's necessary to pay attention to the interrelation of the ecology and na-
ture security. Scientists of the West differ science of ecology and sciences of
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