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Many technological risks are associated with the release of hazardous
substances which could affect human health or the environment by contami-
nation in accident condition or with the production of such substances under
certain conditions as fire.
Considering the amount and distribution of facilities using hazardous
materials throughout the world, the risks posed by them to societies and the
environment it has to be considered as an increasing global problem.
The following list indicates the type of actions which can constitute
technological hazards:
release of chemicals to the atmosphere by explosion, fire;
release of chemicals into water (groundwater, rivers etc.) by tank rupture,
pipeline rupture, chemicals dissolved in water (fire), oil spills in marine en-
vironment;
contamination by waste management activities;
releases and contaminations as a consequence of military actions (e.g. de-
pleted uranium), or destruction of facilities;
releases as consequence of the industrial use of biological material (e.g. vi-
ruses, bacteria, fungi).
Transportation accidents
An aviation accident is defined as an occurrence associated with the opera-
tion of an aircraft in which a person is fatally or seriously injured, the air-
craft sustains damage or structural failure or the aircraft is missing or is com-
pletely inaccessible.
The category of the vehicle can range from a helicopter, an airliner, or
a space shuttle. The world's worst airliner disaster is the Tenerife crash of
1977, when miscommunications between and amongst air traffic control and
an aircrew caused two fully-laden jets to collide on the runway, killing 583
people.
04 in Sri Lanka when 1,700 people died in the Queen of the Sea train
disaster. Other notable rail disasters are the 1989 Ufa accident in Russia
which killed 574, and the 1917 Modane train accident in France which killed
540.
Traffic collisions are the leading cause of death, and road-based pollu-
tion creates a substantial health hazard, especially in major conurbations. The
greenhouse effect of road transport is a significant fraction of the anthropo-
genic warming effect, and the rapid consumption of fossil fuel accelerates the
Hubbard peak.
6. Find English equivalents for these terms in the text and write them
down into your dictionary.
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