General English. Ульянова О.В - 32 стр.

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32
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty
polytechnics, 350 colleges and institutes of higher education (some of
which train teachers). All English universities except Oxford and
Cambridge are fairly new. London University is the biggest of the
modern English universities and is made up of a great variety of colleges
and other institutions including medical schools.
A university usually has both faculties and departments. The most
common faculties are art, law, medicine, science and theology. The
departments include engineering, economics, commerce, agriculture,
music and technology.
Many British universities can be classified as collegiate
universities. There university functions are divided between the central
administration of the university and a number of constituent colleges.
Colleges do not have degree-awarding power. Degrees are always
awarded by universities, colleges are institutions or organisations which
prepare students for the degree. In some cases, colleges prepare students
for the degree of a university of which the college is a part and in some
cases colleges are independent institutions which prepare students to sit as
external candidates at other universities. There are many types of colleges
within universities. There are teachers' training colleges. There are also
technical colleges of various types, colleges of Arts and commerce.
After taking examinations a university graduate is awarded the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. There
are various postgraduate degrees, including Master of Philosophy and
Doctor of Philosophy, the last two being awarded for research in Arts or
Sciences.
Each faculty or college is headed by one or more professors, who
are helped by a staff of teachers called lecturers. Professors & lecturers
spend some of their time giving lectures to large numbers of students or
training much smaller groups, and there the students have a chance to
debate and discuss. All universities admit men and women, but within
some universities there are some male and female colleges. The
proportion of men is rather more than 75 per cent. Most of the
universities provide hostels for their students.
Universities admit students mainly on the basis of their "A" level
results, although they may interview them as well. At present, students
who have been admitted by universities or other institutions of higher

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