General English. Ульянова О.В - 62 стр.

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62
At this time, the vocabulary of Old English consisted of an Anglo
Saxon base with borrowed words from the Scandinavian languages
(Danish and Norse) and Latin. Latin gave English words like street,
kitchen, kettle, cup, cheese, wine, angel, bishop, martyr, candle. The
Vikings who invaded Britain from Scandinavia in 878 AD, added many
Norse words: sky, egg, cake, skin, leg, window (wind eye), husband,
fellow, skill, anger, flat, odd, ugly, get, give, take, raise, call, die, they,
their, them. Many pairs of English and Norse words coexisted giving us
two words with the same or slightly differing meanings.
In 1066 the Normans conquered Britain. French became the
language of the Norman aristocracy and added more vocabulary to
English. More pairs of similar words arose.
French English French English
close shut chamber room
reply answer desire wish
odour smell power might
annual yearly ire wrath / anger
demand ask
Because the English underclass cooked for the Norman upper class,
the words for most domestic animals are English (ox, cow, calf, sheep,
swine, deer) while the words for the meats derived from them are French
(beef, veal, mutton, pork, bacon, venison).
The Germanic form of plurals (house, housen; shoe, shoen) was
eventually displaced by the French method of making plurals: adding an s
(house, houses; shoe, shoes). Only a few words have retained their
Germanic plurals: men, oxen, feet, teeth, children.
2.2 Вам предстоит прослушать рассказ A CONQUERED
LAND. Перед прослушиванием убедитесь, что вы знаете
следующие слова.
was born out был порожден
invasion вторжение
invader захватчик
drive (drove) into вытеснять
inhabitants житель
known as известные как
to establish устанавливать,
учреждать
resulting mixture в результате
слияния
a conqueror завоеватель
the majority of common people
большинство простых
людей
AD наша эра

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