Английский для бакалавров. Валиулина Т.Н - 34 стр.

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34
Vocabulary
shout, v кричать
grab, v хватать
handle, n поводок
harness, n упряжь
kerb, n бордюр, обочина
handrail, n перила
lampshade, n абажур, торшер
embarass, v смущаться
distract, v отвлекать
titbit, n лакомый кусок
I. Make sure you know the words given above.
II. Read the text ‘A person who happens to be blind’. Decide if the following
statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. John likes people to help him walk.
2. He doesn’t worry if he breaks things.
3. He has dinner at 9 o’clock.
4. He is blind but he can see people a little bit.
5. He doesn’t like people to give his dog food.
III. Express the main idea of the text ‘A person who happens to be blind’.
Text D. About Poverty Level
Poverty is a family characteristic rather than an individual characteristic.
That is, people are defined as poor or nonpoor depending on the economic status
of the family with which they live. Two factors are particularly important in
determining a family’s economic status: ( 1 ) the total income of the family and
( 2 ) the ratio of dependents to earners ( dependency ratio ) in the family.
We focus on six demographic characteristics that are related to a person’s
family income and dependency obligations: age, education, employment status,
marital status, parental status, and single parenthood ( the interaction of marital
status and parental status ). The first three characteristics − age, education, and
employment status − tell us something about a person’s earnings capacity
( experience and skills ) and employment effort. Higher earning capacity and
active employment increase total family income, all else being equal. Marital
status tells us something about a person’s family income as well as their
dependency ratio. Marriage can increase income by increasing the number of
potential earners in a family. Note that because poverty is a family characteristic
rather than an individual characteristic, men and women who live in the same
family have, by definition, identical poverty rates. Thus, if all men and women
were married, there would be no gender difference in poverty. Parenthood and

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