Атомная физика. Волошина Т.В - 18 стр.

UptoLike

?keb \aylv hlghr_gb_ bgl_gkb\ghkl_c
I
I
R =
b h[hagZqblv \ g_f qZklv
g_aZ\bkysmxhl l_fi_jZlmjuq_j_a
B
lhihemqZ_f
kT
E
eB
I
I
R
==
,
]^_
û
E
jZaghklvwg_j]bc\_jogbomjh\g_cebgbbZgZebabjm_fh]hwe_f_glZb we_f_glZ
kjZ\g_gby
Q_f f_gvr_
ûE
l_f f_gvr_ hl l_fi_jZlmju b __ baf_g_gby aZ\bkbl
hlghkbl_evgZy bgl_gkb\ghklv
R
 l_l_ff_gvr_ kdZau\Z_lky g_ihklhygkl\h bklhqgbdZ
k\_lZgZbaf_jy_fhc\_ebqbg_
R
H[uqgh
ûE
§H9
Ijb \uiheg_gbb mkeh\bc ]hfheh]bqghklb baf_g_gby \ mkeh\byo \ha[m`^_gby
[m^mlh^bgZdh\h\ebylvgZZ[khexlgmxbgl_gkb\ghklvebgbbZgZebabjm_fh]hwe_f_glZ
b we_f_glZ kjZ\g_gby
I
 ihwlhfm hlghkbl_evgZy bgl_gkb\ghklv
R
g_ [m^_l aZ\bk_lv hl
baf_g_gbc\mkeh\byo\ha[m`^_gby
<_kvfZ kms_kl\_ggh b lh qlh[u kjZ\gb\Z_fu_ ebgbb [ueb [ebadb ih
bgl_gkb\ghklb < wlhf kemqZ_ lhqghklv baf_j_gbc hlghkbl_evghc bgl_gkb\ghklb
gZb[he__\ukhdZ
IjZdlbq_kdb [u\Z_l hq_gv ljm^gh ih^h[jZlv ebgbb m^h\e_l\hjyxsb_ \k_f
baeh`_gguf \ur_ lj_[h\Zgbyf Ihwlhfm h[uqgh ihklmiZxl lZd gZf_qZxl g_kdhevdh
iZj ebgbc hl\_qZxsbo hkgh\guf lj_[h\Zgbyf Z aZl_f bkiulu\Zxl bo gZ lhqghklv
wdki_jbf_glZevgh
O:J:DL?JBKLBQ?KD:YDJB<:YNHLHF:L?JB:E:
Ijb nhlh]jZnbq_kdhf f_lh^_ j_]bkljZpbb ki_dljZ f_jhc Z[khexlghc
bgl_gkb\ghklb ebgbc kem`bl ihq_jg_gb_
S
gZ nhlhieZklbgd_ Ihq_jg_gb_
wlh
j_amevlZl \ha^_ckl\by baemq_gby bklhqgbdZ gZ k\_lhqm\kl\bl_evguc kehc
nhlhieZklbgdb F_`^m \hagbdZxsbf ihq_jg_gb_f b bgl_gkb\ghklvx iZ^Zxs_]h
baemq_gby kms_kl\m_l keh`gZy aZ\bkbfhklv dhlhjZy \ujZ`Z_lky lZd gZau\Z_fhc
oZjZdl_jbklbq_kdhcdjb\hcjbk
<_ebqbgZ
H
gZau\Z_lky wdkihabpb_c beb dhebq_kl\hf hk\_s_gby HgZ jZ\gZ
ijhba\_^_gbxhk\_s_gghklb
E
gZ\j_fywdkihabpbb
t
\j_fyhk\_s_gby
H = E· t
:[khexlgZybgl_gkb\ghklv ebgbb bklhqgbdZ
I
ijb\j_f_gbwdkihabpbb
t
kha^Z_l
gZnhlhieZklbgd_\hij_^_e_gghff_kl_hk\_s_gghklv
E
\j_amevlZl_q_]h \wlhff_kl_
ihke_ h[jZ[hldb nhlhieZklbgdb \hagbdZ_l ihq_jg_gb_
S
 dhlhjh_ b y\ey_lky f_jhc
Z[khexlghcbgl_gkb\ghklbebgbb
I.
OZjZdl_jbklbq_kdZy djb\Zy bf__l g_kdhevdh mqZkldh\ mqZklhd
ab
ijb fZeuo
S
gZau\Z_lkyh[eZklvxg_^h^_j`_dijyfhebg_cgucmqZklhd
bc
wlhh[eZklvghjfZevguo
ihq_jg_gbc
cd
h[eZklv i_j_^_j`_dijb hq_gv [hevrbo
S
 LZg]_gk m]eZ gZdehgZ
ijyfhebg_cgh]hmqZkldZdjb\hcgZau\Z_lkynZdlhjhfdhgljZklghklbnhlhieZklbgdb
,
= tg .