Основы физики и химии полупроводников - 10 стр.

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ɜɚɤɚɧɫɢɢ, ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɂɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɨɭɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɨɦɚ

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ.

ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɭɡɥɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ

ɦɟɠɭɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ

ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ – ɜɚɤɚɧɫɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɭɡɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɬɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɡɥɚ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ, ɢɡ

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɲɟɥ ɚɬɨɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɚɤɚɧɫɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 5, ɚ).

Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɯ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ

Ɏɪɟɧɤɟɥɸ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ

ɂ.ə. Ɏɪɟɧɤɟɥɟɦ.

Ⱦɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ Ɏɪɟɧɤɟɥɸ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ

ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɦɟɠɚɬɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɭɩɚɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ.

ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɠɞɨɭɡɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ

ɦɟɫɬɚ.

ɚ ɛ

Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ:

ɚ – ɩɨ Ɏɪɟɧɤɟɥɸ – ɩɚɪɚ: ɜɚɤɚɧɫɢɹ + ɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɨɭɡɥɢɢ;

ɛ – ɩɨ ɒɨɬɤɢ – ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɚɤɚɧɫɢɹ

ȼ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɭɩɚɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɬɢɩ

ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ – ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɒɨɬɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɜɚɤɚɧɫɢɹ,