Английский для бакалавров. Зарубина Л.П - 165 стр.

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factors interact with a person to disrupt his physiological or psychological well-being;
his reaction to those stress factors is called strain.
The analogy becomes a little fuzzy when you examine some of the basic sources
of job stress. For example, stressors include such things as too much or too little to
do; extreme ambiguity or extreme rigidity associated with tasks; extreme role conflict
or too little conflict; and extreme amounts of responsibility or little responsibility.
As this list suggests, some job stress is not only acceptable, it can be beneficial.
But overstress is as potentially dangerous to humans as it is to engineering structures.
In cases of job overstress you won’t hear a sharp crack as something fails nor
will the human mechanism simply cease to function. But the job-related strain will be
there, in several possible forms: short term effects (anxiety, tension, anger, paranoia);
chronic psychological states (depression, feelings of fatigue, alienation, a general
malaise); clinical-psychological changes (level of blood lipids, blood pressure, gut
motility); physical health status (gastrointestinal disorders, coronary heart disease,
asthmatic attacks); and a fall off in work performance (severe decrease in productiv-
ity, increase in error rates, high absenteeism, inflexible behavior).
No one in a responsible production position can ignore these effects of over-
stress – in others or himself. One source has estimated that 80% of industrial acci-
dents may be caused by a lack of psychological well-being. Job success is highly cor-
related with the ability to cope with stress. In short, effective management of stress is
a worthy goal.
Learning to cope, or manage stress, involves three major
components – physical activity, nutrition, and intellectual ac-
tivity. Physical activity is concerned with relaxation tech-
niques, control of bodily activities, and physical exercises. It is
an outlet for the release of energy built up during stressful ac-
tivity. Nutrition is concerned with a balanced program for eat-
ing and drinking. A nutrition program helps to eliminate eating
and drinking habits as a stress factor. Intellectual activity is
concerned with communication skills, goal setting, assertiveness, elimination of self-
defeating attitudes, and improving self-concept. It serves to lower the effects of stress
by developing specific resistances and coping mechanisms.
Success also depends upon first mastering the physical and nutritional compo-
nents of stress management. In short, to state the obvious, good intellectual activity is
enhanced by good health. And various activities that promote good health are particu-
larly relevant to stress management.
======================VOCABULARY===================
stress, n давление, напряжение, стресс
strain, n натяжение, растяжение, напряжение, де-
формация
rupture, n прорыв
, пролом, разрыв, пробой
disrupt, v разрывать, разрушать
fuzzy, adj неясный, неопределенный

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