Английский для бакалавров. Зарубина Л.П - 199 стр.

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I. Read the text ‘Is it possible to make predictions?’ and find the answers to the
questions:
1. What scientific and technological achievements of the past century affect
our lives today?
2. What problems does mankind face in the 21
st
century?
3. Does the text answer the question put in its headline?
4. Do you agree with Ch. Darwin’s idea stated in the text?
II. Translate the text.
Text 3. NANO-TECHNOLOGY AND
MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) –
SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS
Although microelectronics continue to shrink and more and more processors are
embedded in aerospace and electronic systems, even more drastic size reductions are
on the horizon. Nanotechnology works at the molecular level to create complex new
systems. Chip level integration, including mixing of technologies in the same wafer,
is just around the corner. As electronic and mechanical elements are combined on the
same piece of silicon, MEMS builds complex machines so small that they are meas-
ured in microns. MEMS include systems that integrate electrical, mechanical, optical,
fluidic, magnetic and other technologies. The research is supporting the integration of
micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) gears and actuators into semiconductor
assemblies. Micromirrors that individually move can serve as a low cost fiber optics
switch. Familiar MEMs that total more than $1 billion in sales include airbag accel-
erometers, medical pressure sensors, and ink jet printer heads. We may soon have en-
tire inertial guidance systems on a chip combined with a GPS(Global Positioning
System) receiver. How far can system size be reduced? Is an entire system on a chip
very far away?
Look around. Let your engineering imagination run. Keep in mind that, whatever
you envision, the chances are excellent. It will be a system or systems of systems, and
will require the experience of many systems and subsystems engineers to bring it into
everyday use.
( IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine, Jubilee Issue, October 2000 )

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