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The basic industries are machine-building, chemical, ferrous metallurgy, build-
ing materials industry, coal mining, light and food industries, power engineering and
electronics. Machine-building and metal-working account for 21.9% of the total in-
dustrial output, chemistry and petrochemistry 20.8%, metallurgy 17.1%, electric
power generation 11.9%, food industry 13%, and light industry 3.9%.
The machine-building branch is represented by large enterprises manufacturing
agricultural machinery, machine tools, equipment for the light and food industries,
units and parts for gas pipelines, pumps, cranes, construction and transportation ma-
chinery, domestic gas fittings, scooters etc. Chemical industry enterprises produce
fertilizers, synthetic rubber, plastics and plastic articles, detergents, synthetic vitamins
and other products. The old gun-making plant produces hunting rifles and sport guns
which help our sportsmen to win victories at international competitions.
The Tulachermet Concern, a leading metallurgical enterprise in Russia, has
made a great contribution to the development of world metallurgy. The enterprise has
been the first in the world to master the method of continuous steel casting, the proc-
ess of metal powder manufacture, plasma spraying, and production of alloys with
specific properties.
The old traditions of making famous Tula rifles, samovars, bayans (accordions)
and spice cakes live on.
Primary attention in agriculture is given to the production of grain, potatoes,
sugar beet, milk and meat.
Today’s Tula is not only an industrial but also a cultural, scientific and educa-
tional center of our country. Tula has many educational establishments such as Tula
State University and Tula State Pedagogical University, many colleges and secondary
schools.
Dozens of research institutes and design bureaus concentrate a considerable sci-
entific potential. These institutions are engaged in long-term research in technologies
of machine-building, metallurgy, polymers, control systems, town planning etc.
The city has four theatres, a regional philharmonic society, some clubs, palaces
of culture, libraries, and publishing houses that issue about a hundred newspapers and
magazines.
Tula has many places of interest, the Museum of Arms is well known not only in
our town. It was established in 1724. In the museum we can see the products of skill-
ful Tula gunsmiths. It has models of Russian weapons beginning with the Kulikovo
Battle in 1380 to the years of the Great Patriotic War. There are also tiny engravings
which one can see only through a microscope. The museum of Regional Studies is of
great interest too. It presents to its visitors the heroic past of our town. The Art Gal-
lery has a collection of rare pictures, sculptures and items of applied arts.
Not far from Tula is Yasnaya Polyana. Here the great Russian writer Leo Tol-
stoy lived and worked for almost all his life. Now it is a museum. Many people not
only from our country but also abroad visit Yasnaya Polyana every day.
The Kremlin, the Victory Square with its eternal flame, the monument to the de-
fenders of Tula, the vast central park belong to the sights of Tula. The picture will not
be complete if we forget our central stadium with its sports play grounds, the indoor
stadium and the famous cycle-drome.
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