Architecture. Зайцева И.В. - 6 стр.

     1.1.9 Read the following word combinations and translate them into
Russian:

art of designing and building; according to aesthetic criteria; to build in accordance with
such principles; to fulfil the requirements; every settled society; in all but the simplest
cultures; defense against environment; a symbol of development; other man-made
structures; adaptability to particular human activities; permanence of the work's
construction; the communication of experience and ideas through its forms; relative
importance; minor importance; equal importance

          1.2 Read the text. Give your reasons that architecture has many functions
          Text 1A
          Architecture
                                                        Architecture is the temple of life.
                                                                           G.K. Muennig

       Architecture is the art and science of designing and building structures, or
ensembles according to aesthetic and functional criteria. Structures built in accordance
with such principles are also architecture.
       Architecture is employed to fulfil the practical and expressive requirements of
civilized people. Almost every settled society that possesses techniques for building
produces architecture. It is necessary in all but the simpliest cultures; without it, man is
confined to a primitive struggle with the elements; with it, he has not only a defense
against the natural environment but also the benefits of a human environment, a
prerequisite for and a symbol of the development of civilized institutions.
       The characteristics that distinguish a work of architecture from other man-made
structures are (1) the suitability of the work to use by human beings in general and the
adaptability of it to particular human activities; (2) the stability and permanence of the
work's construction; and (3) the communication of experience and ideas through its
forms.
       All these conditions must be met in architecture. The second is a constant, while
the first and the third vary in relative importance according to the social function of
buildings. If the function is chiefly utilitarian, as in a factory, communication is of less
importance. If the function of buildings. If the function is chiefly expressive, as in a
monumental tomb, utility is a minor concern. In some buildings such as churches and
city halls, utility and communication may be of equal importance.

          1.3 Exercises to the text
         1.3.1 Read the text again and find out if the following statements are true or
false:

1) Architecture should fulfil requirements of primitive people.
2) Without architecture, man is confined to a primitive struggle with the elements.
3) Structures should be built according to aesthetic and functional criteria.
4) There are no differences between a work of architecture and other man-made
structures.