Английский язык. Агафонова И.Г - 17 стр.

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17
Thus demand is not a particular quantity, such as six bars of chocolate, but
rather a full description of the quantity of chocolate the buyer would purchase at
each and every price which might be charged. The first column of Table 1
shows a range of prices for bars of chocolate. The second column shows the
quantities that might be demanded at these prices. Even when chocolate is free,
only a finite amount will be wanted. People get sick from eating too much
chocolate. As the price of chocolate rises, the quantity demanded falls, other
things equal. We have assumed that nobody will buy any chocolate when the
price is more than £ 0.40 per bar. Taken together, columns (1) and (2) describe
the demand for chocolate as a function of its price.
Table 1. The demand for and supply of chocolate
(1)
Price (£ /bar)
(2)
Demand (million bars/year)
(3)
Supply (million bars/year)
0.00 200 0
0.10 160 0
0.20 120 40
0.30 80 80
0.40 40 120
0.50 0 160
Supply is the quantity of a good sellers wish to sell at each conceivable
price. Again, supply is not a particular quantity but a complete description of the
quantity that sellers would like to sell at each and every possible price.
Notice the distinction between demand and the quantity demanded.
Demand describes the behaviour of buyers at every price. The term “quantity
demanded” makes sense only in relation to a particular price. A similar
distinction applies to supply and quantity supplied.
We must recognize that the demand schedule relating price and quantity
demanded and the supply schedule relating price and quantity supplied are each 
                                         17

      Thus demand is not a particular quantity, such as six bars of chocolate, but
rather a full description of the quantity of chocolate the buyer would purchase at
each and every price which might be charged. The first column of Table 1
shows a range of prices for bars of chocolate. The second column shows the
quantities that might be demanded at these prices. Even when chocolate is free,
only a finite amount will be wanted. People get sick from eating too much
chocolate. As the price of chocolate rises, the quantity demanded falls, other
things equal. We have assumed that nobody will buy any chocolate when the
price is more than £0.40 per bar. Taken together, columns (1) and (2) describe
the demand for chocolate as a function of its price.
                      Table 1. The demand for and supply of chocolate
           (1)                         (2)                            (3)
      Price (£/bar)         Demand (million bars/year)    Supply (million bars/year)
          0.00                         200                            0
          0.10                         160                            0
          0.20                         120                            40
          0.30                          80                            80
          0.40                          40                           120
          0.50                          0                            160


      Supply is the quantity of a good sellers wish to sell at each conceivable
price. Again, supply is not a particular quantity but a complete description of the
quantity that sellers would like to sell at each and every possible price.
      Notice the distinction between demand and the quantity demanded.
Demand describes the behaviour of buyers at every price. The term “quantity
demanded” makes sense only in relation to a particular price. A similar
distinction applies to supply and quantity supplied.
      We must recognize that the demand schedule relating price and quantity
demanded and the supply schedule relating price and quantity supplied are each

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