Метрология, стандартизация и сертификация. Акмайкин Д.А. - 14 стр.

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!. 2.3. #!,!+!) (1 !*"!
1%+ ,0%"
= x – x
!
!#! = x – x
.
%" ,0%"
%100
x
±=
δ
!#!
%.100
x
±=
δ
2&! ,0%"
%100
n
x
±=
γ
,  x
n
"! *&! #!&! . -
& !
n
"- !(#$*$) x
max
!#! 2/3  "!"" 1# !*-
"!).
& !! *&!) (! " / !*"!)/
!(#$*.  !,"!& (""!& -!!):
=
=
n
i
i
x
n
xx
1
!
1
(2.1)
9&!
x
!! !*"! #& (!'#!-! x
!
.
(  !& #! ()  /
!
)1(
)(
1
2
=
=
nn
xx
n
i
i
x
σ
(2.2)
                   ! . 2.3. #                !,! +!) (        1         !*"     !


         1%     +                  ,         0     % "–
        ∆ = x – x! !#! − ∆ = x – x .
              %     "     ,     0 % "–
               ∆                                 ∆
        δ = ± 100% !#! δ = ±                       100%.
               x                                 x
        2      &!                       ,     0      % "–
               ∆
        γ =±      100% ,                    xn −      "!              * & !     #!&!   .       -
               xn
&     !n " -                ! ( #$*                $ ) xmax !#! 2/3     "     !" " 1 # !*-
"    !).
          &                      ! !            * & !) ( ! "                    / !*"  !)/
! ( #$* .                                   !," !&   (" " !&                   -! ! ):
                        1    n
        x! ≈ x =                   xi                                                      (2.1)
                        n   i =1

        9 & !               x               !! !*"         ! – #&         ( !'#!- !          x!.
    (                                       !&             #   ! (       ) /!
                   n
                        ( xi − x ) 2
        σx =    i =1
                                                                                           (2.2)
                       n(n − 1)


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