Методические указания по теме "Моя специальность" для студентов 2 курса архитектурно-строительного факультета. Анашкина Л.А - 15 стр.

    In choosing a location of the satellite towns being planned in Russia preference is
given to the southern and south-eastern slopes of hills with big green belts and
reservoirs in the vicinity. A necessary condition in making the choice is the
availability of convenient means of communication with the city best of all being an
electrified railway line and a good automobile highway.
    The distance of the satellite town from the city depends upon how well developed
the electrified railway and highway systems are. In the case of Moscow, which has
highly ramified networks running in all directions it is possible to locate the satellite
cities within 46 to 50 km, whereas in the case of Nizhny Novgorod, for example, the
sensible thing is to place them nearer.
    It is taken into consideration that even there are some enterprises and offices of its
own in the satellite town, a certain portion of the population may still work in the
city; thus Russian architects are of the opinions that the town and city should not be
more than an hour's distance apart.


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     What places of rest does a master plan define ?
   The master plan defines the pattern of the town and its relation to the topography.
It shows the principal areas and zones necessary for housing and industry.
Furthermore, it defines the principal zones in the town centre for civic, business and
cultural purposes.
   As for the landscape, the master plan shows the agricultural areas surrounding the
town, it indicates the areas of natural landscape that should be left for passive
recreation; it also shows the active recreation areas necessary for the housing areas
and for the town as a whole.
   As for the road system, it shows the principal roads connecting various zones
together; it suggests the routes of public transport and it may define the principal
pedestrian ways.

      Text A. From the History of Building

   Many thousands of years ago there were no houses such as people live in today. In
hot countries people sometimes made their homes in the trees and used leaves to
protect themselves from rain or sun. In colder countries they dwelt in caves. Later
people left their caves and trees and began to build houses of different materials such
as mud, wood or stones.
   Later people found out that bricks made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine
become almost as hard as stones. In ancient Egypt especially, people learned the use
of these sun-dried mud bricks. Some of their buildings are still standing after several
thousands of years.
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