English for Managers. Аристова Е.В. - 23 стр.

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УлГТУ | Ульяновск

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Waste - лом, отходы
Yield - размер выработки, выход
Safety and overtime costs - затраты на безопасность и сверхурочные работы
In reallocate - перераспределять
in reschedule - перепланировать
Assignment. Answer the questions:
1. What is the aim of production management?
2. What is production manager responsible for?
3. What kinds of production systems there exist?
4. What are typical work activities of production manager?
5. What are the responsibilities of a production manager at the pre-production stage?
Text 4.2
Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- предпринимать, брать на себя определенные обязательства
- в обмен, в оплату
- оказать услугу
- вознаграждение
- судить, оценивать
- работодатель
- работник
- излишек, остаток
to undertake
in return
to render service
reward
to judge
an employer
an employee
surplus
Read and translate the Text
LABOUR
Money is not only a means of exchange but is also a means of measuring the
value of men's labour. In economic theory, "labour" is any work undertaken in return
for a fixed payment. The work undertaken by a mother in caring for her children may
be hard, but it receives no fixed payment. It is not therefore labour in the strict
economic sense. As a scientist, the economist is interested in measuring the services
which people render to each other.
Although he is aware of the services which people provide for no financial
reward, he is not concerned with these services. He is interested essentially in
services which are measurable in terms of money payments for a fixed and / or
regular nature. In economics, money is the standard by which the value of things is
judged. This standard is an objective and scientific one.
Human labour produces both goods and services. The activities of a formwork
and a nurse are very different, but both are measurable in terms of payments received.
Labour in this sense is not concerned with distinctions of social class, but simply with
the payment of wages in return for work.
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