Английский язык. Арланова Т.Л - 5 стр.

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5
1 expensive
2 ___________
3 ___________
4 ___________
c) Now name all the common features of diesels and electrics. What are the
advantages of electrics?
Exercise 5. Scan the text and say what type of traction it deals with.
Natural Gas Railcar Debut
German Rail (DB) is claiming a world first, by operating passenger
trains powered by natural gas which is said to produce very few harmful
emissions compared with a diesel-powered train. The project has aroused
such interest that DB and French National Railways (SNCF) now plan to
develop a new natural gas lightweight railcar.
Two 30 to 40 year old two-axle lightweight diesel railcars belonging to DB's
subsidiary and operating on the Baltic
island of Usedom were converted to
natural gas propulsion. The conversion involved the replacement of the diesel
engine on each railcar with an Otto engine with spark plugs which can be
powered by compressed natural gas.
An advantage of natural gas is that the railcars can travel about 750
km more on a full tank than they could when they were diesel powered.
The environmentally-friendly propulsion concept fulfilled all the expectations
during trials in the foothills of the Alps. Measurements showed that emissions
of nitric oxide were cut by about 97 %. Carbon monoxide by 84 % and
hydrocarbons by about 70%. Another advantage of natural gas over diesel is
that there is no soot emission from the exhaust pipe. The natural gas engines
are also quieter than their diesel counter - parts.
The German and foreign rail vehicle industry has taken notice of this
propulsion technology, and is considering whether to develop and offer new
generation lightweight railcars with natural gas propulsion", said Mr Roland
Heinisch, DB's board member for research, technology and traction.
Exercise 6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to modal verbs
and their equivalents
:
1. To improve the passenger service there must be more ticket windows at
railway stations.2. The electrified lines of Russia are able to cater more than
50 per cent of the entire cargohaulage. 3. Steam locomotives were built for
many different tasks but they were not able to haul very heavy trains at high
speeds. 4. It is necessary that the traction motor characteristics should meet
operating conditions. 5. Electrified railways are to be found in different
countries of the world. 6. There existed a number of projects of strange
railways in the past; according to one of them the power sources were to be
installed along the track. 7. All types of locomotives have to satisfy a number
of technical and economic requirements. 8. It is quite necessary that electric

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