История письма и чтения. Асафова Г.К. - 64 стр.

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65
The Egyptians also kept records on papyrus, a paper-like material made from
tall reedy plants which thrived on the banks of the Nile. Labourers cut the fibrous
stems of the plant into thin strips, laying them side by side. They added a second
layer on top, at right angles to the first, and pounded them together until the starchy
sap from the fibers bound them. After the sheets had dried in the sun, they were
ready to be written on using brushes or pens made from thin reeds, cut at the end to
form a nib.
Scribes used black ink made from pulverized charcoal or soot, and coloured inks,
especially red, based on ground minerals mixed with water.
Papyrus was very expensive, so texts were often erased and the sheets used a
second time.
Limestone and pottery were cheaper and used for less important documents.
VOCABULARY
Bark n.
Кора (дерева)
Carving n., v.
Резьба, резать (по дереву)
Charcoal n.
Древесный уголь
Comprise v.
Охватывать, включать в себя
Consonant n.
Согласный (звук, буква)
Distinctive adj.
Отличный, характерный
Draft v.
Делать чертеж, чертить
Drain v.
Стекать, осушать
Fibre n.
Волокно
Flat adj.
Плоский
Hemp n.
Пенька, конопля
Limestone n.
Известняк
Nib n.
Кончик, острие копья
Parchment n.
Пергамент

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