История письма и чтения. Асафова Г.К. - 75 стр.

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Ex. 1. Answer the following questions:

1. How did medieval monks copy manuscripts?

2. What kind of books was first copied?

3. Where were the first libraries housed?

4. What was the most expensive component of a book? Why?

5. How many calfskins may be needed for a book?

6. What was a master grid for?

7. What kind of writing instrument was used at that time?

8. What substance was used for writing? What colours were available?

9. What skills did a scribe have to possess?

10. Why were the “Gothic” script and abbreviations used in the Middle Ages?

11. Was it allowed for a scribe to make a mistake?

12. How were the texts checked for mistakes?

13. How long did it usually take to copy a book?

14. How was the book finally made from the separate sheet

Ex. 2. Find equivalents of the following expressions in the text:

1. великий подвиг; 2. ужасное испытание; 3. копии, переписанные слово в

слово; 4. священный труд; 5. самый высокий уровень; 6. усердная

тренировка; 7. уверенная манера письма; 8. выделять из; 9. размечать

страницы; 10. большое мастерство

; 11. готический шрифт;

12. нетренированный глаз; 13. неправильная буква; 14. сверить текст с

оригиналом; 15. сложить в нужной последовательности.

Ex. 3. Retell the text.