Английский язык. Учебное пособие. Бабушкин А.П - 8 стр.

                                           9
interprets federal law governing the right of appeal and can largely determine for
itself which cases it will decide. In particular, cases may be appealed if they involve a
“substantial federal question,” but the Supreme Court must determine what that
means for each case. In practice, the Supreme Court rejects most appeals without
much comment other than perhaps to note that they lack a substantial federal question
or that the court lacks jurisdiction. This means the lower federal courts and the state
supreme courts usually have the last word.

                                    Comprehension

Scan the texts for answers to the following questions.

1. What are the key elements of court organization?
2. What are four basic types of court?
3. Where are circuit courts?
4. Where are district courts?
5. When do criminal cases occur?
6. What do civil cases include?
7. What does “limited jurisdiction” mean?
8. What does “general jurisdiction” mean?
9. What are the main appellate courts?
10.What sort of appeals do the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals hear?
11.Can appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court be rejected?

                                   Vocabulary Study

I. Supply the word from the text which is a periphrasis of the following
   (For the answers, see page 23).
1. main element 2. define 3. approximately 4. quote 5. prison 6. levy 7.
concerning 8. important 9. refuse to accept 10. attorney 11. care; imprisonment 12.
cause to have a tendency 13. make less 14. authority 15. mistake 16. complaint.

II. Match the words with the definitions
   (For the answers, see page 23).
a)
1. fine             1. question to be decided in a law court
2. litigant         2. statement by a judge, etc, of punishment
3. injury           3. statement of property (money) given to a person
4. penalty          4. to act contrary to the law
5. violate          5. punishment for doing wrong
6. financial        6. person engaged in a lawsuit
    settlement
7. case             7. harm; damage; wrongful treatment
8. sentence         8. sum of money to be paid as a penalty for Breaking a law or
                        rule