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41
Option: choice, alternative.
Recessionary: pertaining to a general economic slowdown.
To trim: to cut off a little bit of.
Invoking: calling on for help.
Act: group of related laws passed at the same time.
Suits: court actions, court cases.
Subsidiary: a company with more than 50% of the stock owned by another
company.
Settled: reached an agreement, finished deciding.
Demoted: reduced in rank or to a lower position and pay.
Promotions: increases in rank or to higher positions and pay.
Pending: not yet settled or decided. In a court of law, a case which is
"pending" is one which has been heard by the judge, but about which a de-
cision has not yet been announced.
Fanfare: exaggerated publicity.
Issue: question for discussion.
Consultants: experts who are hired for a short time to provide knowledge
or advice.
Odds: probability.
Amendments: formal changes.
Jury: group of citizens who decide guilt or innocence during a trial.
Employee relations: dealings between management and employees.
Officers: persons with a position of authority.
Sued: brought suit.
Denies: says (something) is not true.
Declines: refuses (politely).
Attorney: lawyer.
Litigation: court action, legal activity.
EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Demographics: statistics based on large populations, or characteristics of
large groups.
Labor force: the working population of a country or region.
Post-: after (added at the beginning of a word).
Postwar: after the war.
Middle-management: pertaining to management positions which are nei-
ther the highest ones nor the lowest ones.
Upward mobility: capability of movement to a higher position.
Due-process: pertaining to fair, timely, and legal action.
Performance: quality of work.
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Appraisal: evaluation, judging.
In place: functioning, in operation.
Dossier: collection of various papers for a specific purpose, especially for
showing and describing the qualifications of a candidate for a job.
Screwed up: made a mistake (sometimes considered very impolite).
Commendations: compliments, praise.
Deadline: last acceptable time that something must be done.
Discharge: being fired, dismissal (of an employee).
White-collar: pertaining to those who do not work with their hands (from
the fact that office workers traditionally wore white shirts).
Just cause: legal and fair reason.
Depriving: taking away from.
At will: arbitrarily, at any time, whenever one likes.
Bound: put under legal obligation, made liable.
Assignments
1. Business Vocabulary.
A. In English, nouns and verbs frequently share the same base (root). Many
verbs may add the ending -ion (or often -tion, or -ation) to form a noun:
create creation
Notice that the final -e of the verb disappears in the noun form. In
every case, the ending -ion means "process," "act," or "state of being."
Creation is the act of creating, or it is what has been created.
Look at the following examples from the article of verbs which can
be made into nouns by adding some form of -ion.
VERB NOUN
protect (from) protection (from)
intend intention
promote promotion
violate violation d
deprive (of) deprivation (of)
commend commendation
tempt temptation
perceive perception
To familiarize yourself with both verbs and nouns and their mean-
ings, write the verb form of the word beside its meaning in the list below:
1. _______to gain understanding, to realize.
2. _______to keep something from someone.
3. _______to guard, to keep from danger.
Option: choice, alternative. Appraisal: evaluation, judging.
Recessionary: pertaining to a general economic slowdown. In place: functioning, in operation.
To trim: to cut off a little bit of. Dossier: collection of various papers for a specific purpose, especially for
Invoking: calling on for help. showing and describing the qualifications of a candidate for a job.
Act: group of related laws passed at the same time. Screwed up: made a mistake (sometimes considered very impolite).
Suits: court actions, court cases. Commendations: compliments, praise.
Subsidiary: a company with more than 50% of the stock owned by another Deadline: last acceptable time that something must be done.
company. Discharge: being fired, dismissal (of an employee).
Settled: reached an agreement, finished deciding. White-collar: pertaining to those who do not work with their hands (from
Demoted: reduced in rank or to a lower position and pay. the fact that office workers traditionally wore white shirts).
Promotions: increases in rank or to higher positions and pay. Just cause: legal and fair reason.
Pending: not yet settled or decided. In a court of law, a case which is Depriving: taking away from.
"pending" is one which has been heard by the judge, but about which a de- At will: arbitrarily, at any time, whenever one likes.
cision has not yet been announced. Bound: put under legal obligation, made liable.
Fanfare: exaggerated publicity.
Issue: question for discussion. Assignments
Consultants: experts who are hired for a short time to provide knowledge 1. Business Vocabulary.
or advice. A. In English, nouns and verbs frequently share the same base (root). Many
Odds: probability. verbs may add the ending -ion (or often -tion, or -ation) to form a noun:
Amendments: formal changes. create creation
Jury: group of citizens who decide guilt or innocence during a trial. Notice that the final -e of the verb disappears in the noun form. In
Employee relations: dealings between management and employees. every case, the ending -ion means "process," "act," or "state of being."
Officers: persons with a position of authority. Creation is the act of creating, or it is what has been created.
Sued: brought suit. Look at the following examples from the article of verbs which can
Denies: says (something) is not true. be made into nouns by adding some form of -ion.
Declines: refuses (politely).
Attorney: lawyer. VERB NOUN
Litigation: court action, legal activity. protect (from) protection (from)
intend intention
EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
promote promotion
Demographics: statistics based on large populations, or characteristics of
violate violation d
large groups.
Labor force: the working population of a country or region. deprive (of) deprivation (of)
Post-: after (added at the beginning of a word). commend commendation
tempt temptation
Postwar: after the war.
perceive perception
Middle-management: pertaining to management positions which are nei-
ther the highest ones nor the lowest ones. To familiarize yourself with both verbs and nouns and their mean-
Upward mobility: capability of movement to a higher position. ings, write the verb form of the word beside its meaning in the list below:
Due-process: pertaining to fair, timely, and legal action. 1. _______to gain understanding, to realize.
Performance: quality of work. 2. _______to keep something from someone.
3. _______to guard, to keep from danger.
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