Лингвистические автоматы в современных гуманитарных технологиях. Беляева Л.Н. - 112 стр.

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Беляева Л. Н. ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ АВТОМАТЫ

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В меморандуме Уивера содержалось несколько предло

жений для направлений дальнейших исследований:

The first proposal was that the problem of multiple

meanings might be tackled by the examination of immediate

context, i. e. the words to left and right of an otherwise

ambiguous word (e. g. fast meaning «rapid» or

«motionless»). Weaver expected the amount of context

required to vary from one subject to another, but he did

think that «relatively few nouns, verbs and adjectives» were

actually ambiguous, so he believed the problem was not

large.

The second proposal was founded on the logical bases of

language. He drew attention to the work of McCulloch and

Pitts (1943) on the analogies between the neural structure of

the human brain and logical machines, which suggested that

«insofar as written language is an expression of logical

character», the problem of translation is formally solvable.

The third proposal concerned the possible applicability

of cryptographic methods. Weaver had been impressed at

the success of wartime cryptanalysis based on «frequencies

of letters, letter combinations, intervals between letters and

letter combinations, letter patterns, etc. which are to some

significant degree independent of the language used». His

suggestion was linked to the statistical «information

theory», recently advanced by Claude Shannon, which

embraced «the whole field of cryptography».

The fourth proposal was based on the belief that

underlying the statistical regularities of languages were