Theoretical English Grammar. Part 1. Morphology. Бочарова М.В. - 10 стр.

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o The field approach to classifying words into lexical-grammatical classes. The
field structure of a lexical-grammatical class. Central and peripheral elements.
o Overlaps between two or more lexical-grammatical classes. Zones of syncre-
tism, syncretic elements.
o Word-class ambiguities and borderline cases in classifying words, e.g.:
– Noun – Verb;
– Noun – Adj.;
– Verb – Adj.;
– Determiner – Pronoun – Adj.;
– Preposition – Conjunction, etc.
THE NOUN IN ENGLISH
o The defining characteristics of central nouns:
They are a class of notional words which:
– express the general notion of Thingness (the general semantic principle);
– have the morphological category of Number (and, according to some gram-
marians, the category of Case) (the formal morphological principle);
– function as the Subject, Object, Complement (Predicative) and sometimes at-
tribute in the sentence (the syntactic principle).
o Semantic groups of nouns: common – proper, concrete – abstract, animate –
inanimate, individual – mass – collective – unit – quantifying, etc.
o Syntactic functions: the Subject, Object, or Complement (Predicative). Can
also function as the Attribute.
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o The field approach to classifying words into lexical-grammatical classes. The
field structure of a lexical-grammatical class. Central and peripheral elements.


o Overlaps between two or more lexical-grammatical classes. Zones of syncre-
tism, syncretic elements.


o Word-class ambiguities and borderline cases in classifying words, e.g.:
          – Noun – Verb;
          – Noun – Adj.;
          – Verb – Adj.;
          – Determiner – Pronoun – Adj.;
          – Preposition – Conjunction, etc.


                            THE NOUN IN ENGLISH


o The defining characteristics of central nouns:


They are a class of notional words which:
– express the general notion of Thingness (the general semantic principle);
– have the morphological category of Number (and, according to some gram-
marians, the category of Case) (the formal morphological principle);
– function as the Subject, Object, Complement (Predicative) and sometimes at-
tribute in the sentence (the syntactic principle).


o Semantic groups of nouns: common – proper, concrete – abstract, animate –
inanimate, individual – mass – collective – unit – quantifying, etc.


o Syntactic functions: the Subject, Object, or Complement (Predicative). Can
also function as the Attribute.



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