Theoretical English Grammar. Part 1. Morphology. Бочарова М.В. - 8 стр.

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Meaning morphological
means
syntactic means lexical means
Relation Case inflexions in
synthetic lan-
guages
Prepositions,
word order in ana-
lytical languages
Time relations Tense verb forms Time subordinate
clauses in com-
plex sentences
Time adverbs
Modality Mood forms of a
verb
Predicative base
‘Subject + Predi-
cate’
Modal words
and expressions
o ĺ The use of morphemes to express certain meanings is optional; it’s only a
question of the language structure, as different languages can use different
means to express their meanings.
o ĺ By what is commonly referred to as ‘grammatical meanings’ we under-
stand meanings that are typically expressed by grammatical means in a certain
language. Similar meanings can be expressed by other, non-grammatical means
in the same language and other languages.
o Approaches to word analysis in Grammar and Lexicology.
o A grammatical category is a set of meanings which are arranged on the
principle of opposition to express the same general notion, and which are sys-
tematically realised by a paradigm of grammatical word forms.
o Types of morphological oppositions:
– binary vs. three-member (tertiary);
– privative vs. gradual vs. equipollent.
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     Meaning        morphological       syntactic means      lexical means
                          means
  Relation         Case inflexions in Prepositions,
                   synthetic lan-      word order in ana-
                   guages              lytical languages
  Time relations Tense verb forms Time subordinate Time adverbs
                                       clauses in com-
                                       plex sentences
  Modality         Mood forms of a     Predicative base     Modal words
                   verb                ‘Subject + Predi-    and expressions
                                       cate’


o � The use of morphemes to express certain meanings is optional; it’s only a
question of the language structure, as different languages can use different
means to express their meanings.


o � By what is commonly referred to as ‘grammatical meanings’ we under-
stand meanings that are typically expressed by grammatical means in a certain
language. Similar meanings can be expressed by other, non-grammatical means
in the same language and other languages.


o Approaches to word analysis in Grammar and Lexicology.


o A grammatical category is a set of meanings which are arranged on the
principle of opposition to express the same general notion, and which are sys-
tematically realised by a paradigm of grammatical word forms.


o Types of morphological oppositions:
         – binary vs. three-member (tertiary);
         – privative vs. gradual vs. equipollent.

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