Theoretical English Grammar. Part 1. Morphology. Бочарова М.В. - 7 стр.

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o Means of word form building: English vs. Russian
English Russian
(a) synthetic means
o Affixes
o very few in number
o homonymy of affixes =
o 1 affix – 1 meaning
o Affixes:
– Inflexions, Suffixes, Prefixes
o Inflexions have a highly elaborate
system of paradigms with a few
types of noun declension, verb con-
jugation
o homonymy of inflexions
o one inflexion can express a few
grammatical meanings at the same
time
(b) analytical means
o very commonly used
o a number of patterns
o homonymy
o not very commonly used
(c) irregular forms
o limited though stable classes o very numerous
Ļ
o A mostly analytical language
o Without a context, a word
doesn’t give much grammatical
info ĺ semantic and syntactic
info is needed
Ļ
o A mostly synthetic language
o Lexical and grammatical meanings are closely interrelated. The same no-
tion / abstract meaning can be expressed by grammatical (morphological or syn-
tactic), or lexical, or phonological means, or by a combination of any of them,
both within a certain language and in different languages, e.g.:
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o Means of word form building: English vs. Russian
                English                                 Russian
                               (a) synthetic means
  o Affixes                             o Affixes:
                                            – Inflexions, Suffixes, Prefixes
  o very few in number            �      o Inflexions have a highly elaborate
                                         system of paradigms with a few
                                         types of noun declension, verb con-
                                         jugation
  o homonymy of affixes           =      o homonymy of inflexions
  o 1 affix – 1 meaning           �      o one inflexion can express a few
                                         grammatical meanings at the same
                                         time
                              (b) analytical means
  o very commonly used                  o not very commonly used
  o a number of patterns          �
  o homonymy                      �
                               (c) irregular forms
  o limited though stable classes �     o very numerous
                   �                                       �
  o A mostly analytical language �      o A mostly synthetic language
  o Without a context, a word
  doesn’t give much grammatical
  info � semantic and syntactic
  info is needed


o Lexical and grammatical meanings are closely interrelated. The same no-
tion / abstract meaning can be expressed by grammatical (morphological or syn-
tactic), or lexical, or phonological means, or by a combination of any of them,
both within a certain language and in different languages, e.g.:

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