Theoretical English Grammar. Part 1. Morphology. Бочарова М.В. - 6 стр.

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o Types of morphemes
Segment
Ļ
root morphemes
morphemes
Ļ
affixes:
– functionally:
1a. derivational affixes
1b. form building (= word
formation) affixes
– positionally:
2a. prefixes
2b. postfixes
(inflexions, suffixes)
2c. interfixes
Non-segment morphemes
– the ‘zero morpheme’
– operational morphemes:
3a. meaningful alteration,
e.g. vowel interchange
3b. stress shift
o A word form is the main morphological unit. It is a linguistic unit which car-
ries grammatical information which is identified through contrast with other
forms of the same word. The word’s lexical meaning is irrelevant for identifying
the type of its word form.
o The whole set of grammatical forms of a word constitutes its paradigm.
o In the aspect of a word’s structure, the grammatical info is expressed in a
word form.
– synthetically, i.e. in the same word which expresses its individual lexical
meaning ĺ a synthetic word form, or
– analytically, i.e. in an auxiliary word which together with the word which
expresses a lexical meaning constitutes an analytical word form.
o ĺ Synthetic and analytical languages
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o                            Types of morphemes
         Segment morphemes                          Non-segment morphemes
             �           �
root morphemes          affixes:
                    – functionally:                 – the ‘zero morpheme’
                    1a. derivational affixes
                    1b. form building (= word       – operational morphemes:
                    formation) affixes              3a. meaningful alteration,
                    – positionally:                 e.g. vowel interchange
                    2a. prefixes                    3b. stress shift
                    2b. postfixes
                    (inflexions, suffixes)
                    2c. interfixes


o A word form is the main morphological unit. It is a linguistic unit which car-
ries grammatical information which is identified through contrast with other
forms of the same word. The word’s lexical meaning is irrelevant for identifying
the type of its word form.


o The whole set of grammatical forms of a word constitutes its paradigm.


o In the aspect of a word’s structure, the grammatical info is expressed in a
word form.
    – synthetically, i.e. in the same word which expresses its individual lexical
    meaning � a synthetic word form, or
    – analytically, i.e. in an auxiliary word which together with the word which
    expresses a lexical meaning constitutes an analytical word form.


o � Synthetic and analytical languages



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