Theoretical English Grammar. Part 1. Morphology. Бочарова М.В. - 26 стр.

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– the construction “verb + reciprocal Pronoun” which expresses the notion of a
mutually directed action, with both participants performing both syntactic roles
(S & O). Controversy over its status:
(1) the ‘reciprocal voice’ ĺ an analytical morphological form;
(2) a phrase.
– ‘Ergative Verbs’:
(1) sometimes termed the ‘middle voice’ because they occupy a specific
position in the FSF of Directionality – they are active in form but express
a passive meaning;
(2) ‘Ergative verbs’ are a limited group of Transitive verbs which can be
used in a specific way: SVOd ĺ SV; Od ĺ S without any morphological
change from Active into Passive.
o The problem of distinguishing the Passive Voice form from the homony-
mous Compound Nominal Predicate. Compare:
the Passive Voice Verb form the Compound Nominal Predicate
‘Link verb + -ed adjective’
– An analytical morphological form
– the Simple Verbal Predicate
– Actional semantics
– the agent can be denoted by the
by-phrase
– + optional adverbs of time or fre-
quency
– can be used in the marked Aspec-
tual or Correlation forms
– A syntactic phenomenon
– the Compound Nominal Predicate
– Stative (< Qualifying) semantics
– can be modified by an adverb
– + optional adverbs of duration
– can be used in the marked Corre-
lation forms
– In some contexts the form ‘be/ get done’ may combine actional and qualifying
semantics ĺ ambiguity.
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– the construction “verb + reciprocal Pronoun” which expresses the notion of a
mutually directed action, with both participants performing both syntactic roles
(S & O). Controversy over its status:
      (1) the ‘reciprocal voice’ � an analytical morphological form;
      (2) a phrase.


– ‘Ergative Verbs’:
      (1) sometimes termed the ‘middle voice’ because they occupy a specific
      position in the FSF of Directionality – they are active in form but express
      a passive meaning;
      (2) ‘Ergative verbs’ are a limited group of Transitive verbs which can be
      used in a specific way: SVOd � SV; Od � S without any morphological
      change from Active into Passive.


o The problem of distinguishing the Passive Voice form from the homony-
mous Compound Nominal Predicate. Compare:


      the Passive Voice Verb form            the Compound Nominal Predicate
                                                ‘Link verb + -ed adjective’
  – An analytical morphological form     – A syntactic phenomenon
  – the Simple Verbal Predicate          – the Compound Nominal Predicate
  – Actional semantics                   – Stative (< Qualifying) semantics
  – the agent can be denoted by the – can be modified by an adverb
  by-phrase
  – + optional adverbs of time or fre- – + optional adverbs of duration
  quency
  – can be used in the marked Aspec- – can be used in the marked Corre-
  tual or Correlation forms              lation forms
– In some contexts the form ‘be/ get done’ may combine actional and qualifying
semantics � ambiguity.

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