Theoretical English Grammar. Part 2. Syntax. Бочарова М.В. - 7 стр.

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– Are used to expand sentence com-
ponents but not to build the structure
of the sentence
– Are built either
(1) with the help of conjunctions ex-
pressing coordination (ĺ the relation
is formally marked)
or (2) without conjunctions
– Are used to build the structure of the
sentence
– Are built either
(1) with the help of prepositions ex-
pressing subordination (ĺ the de-
pendence is formally marked)
or (2) without prepositions
o The major criteria for classifying subordinative phrases:
1) the lexical grammatical class (part of speech) of the head word
ĺ noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases;
2) the degree of semantic fusion between the elements
ĺ free phrases and phraseological units;
3) subtypes of syntactic relations
ĺ variants of Subordination: Agreement, Government, Adjoinment.
o Agreement is the morphologically marked variant of subordination, i.e. the
dependent element shares the morphological categories of the head word.
Agreement is not very common on the phrase level in English.
o Government in English is mostly prepositionally (syntactically) marked.
o Adjoinment is formally unmarked. The word position in a phrase and se-
mantic correlation matter. The main and most common variant of subordination
in English where the word order is fixed.
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– Are used to expand sentence com- – Are used to build the structure of the
ponents but not to build the structure sentence
of the sentence
– Are built either                          – Are built either
(1) with the help of conjunctions ex- (1) with the help of prepositions ex-
pressing coordination (� the relation pressing subordination (� the de-
is formally marked)                         pendence is formally marked)
or (2) without conjunctions                 or (2) without prepositions


o The major criteria for classifying subordinative phrases:


   1) the lexical grammatical class (part of speech) of the head word
� noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases;
   2) the degree of semantic fusion between the elements
� free phrases and phraseological units;
   3) subtypes of syntactic relations
� variants of Subordination: Agreement, Government, Adjoinment.


o Agreement is the morphologically marked variant of subordination, i.e. the
dependent element shares the morphological categories of the head word.
Agreement is not very common on the phrase level in English.


o Government in English is mostly prepositionally (syntactically) marked.


o Adjoinment is formally unmarked. The word position in a phrase and se-
mantic correlation matter. The main and most common variant of subordination
in English where the word order is fixed.




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