Перевод в сфере юриспруденции. Борисова Л.А. - 38 стр.

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ɌȿɄɋɌɕ ȾɅə ɋȺɆɈɋɌɈəɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ
THE COMMON LAW
The English legal system possesses one remarkable feature – derived from
the days of feudalism – which distinguished it from the legal systems of nearly
all other countries in the world: an important part of the law has never been
considered, debated or approved by any Parliament. Many of the laws of
England are contained not in Parliamentary statutes, but in all the reports of the
cases decided by judges of the High Court, Court of Appeal and House of Lords.
The practice of recording the judgements of the royal judges is of ancient
origin, having begun as far back as the reign of Edward I, and from the sixteenth
century it became accepted that a decided case constituted an authoritative
“precedent”, meaning that when one judge has decided a point of law, any judge
who is subsequently confronted with a similar set of facts must apply the
declared in the earlier judgement, even though he may personally think that the
earlier case was wrongly decided. In this way the law was gradually built up,
case by case, by generations of different judges. This vast tangled mass of
reported cases stretching back to the days of Elizabeth I and even beyond, each
being the authority for a single point of law, and some being inconsistent with
others, is the famous English “common law”. Thus English law has been built
through a combination of statute law and judge-made law, the latter being
known as the common law.
ɄɈɇɋɌɂɌɍɐɂə ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ 81
1. ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɣɧɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
2. ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɛɪɚɧ
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɥɨɠɟ 35 ɥɟɬ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10 ɥɟɬ.
3. Ɉɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ.
4. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɜ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ.
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ 84
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ;
ɚ) ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɜɵɛɨɪɵ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱦɭɦɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ;
ɛ) ɪɚɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ Ⱦɭɦɭ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ,
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ;
38
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                                THE COMMON LAW
       The English legal system possesses one remarkable feature – derived from
the days of feudalism – which distinguished it from the legal systems of nearly
all other countries in the world: an important part of the law has never been
considered, debated or approved by any Parliament. Many of the laws of
England are contained not in Parliamentary statutes, but in all the reports of the
cases decided by judges of the High Court, Court of Appeal and House of Lords.
       The practice of recording the judgements of the royal judges is of ancient
origin, having begun as far back as the reign of Edward I, and from the sixteenth
century it became accepted that a decided case constituted an authoritative
“precedent”, meaning that when one judge has decided a point of law, any judge
who is subsequently confronted with a similar set of facts must apply the
declared in the earlier judgement, even though he may personally think that the
earlier case was wrongly decided. In this way the law was gradually built up,
case by case, by generations of different judges. This vast tangled mass of
reported cases stretching back to the days of Elizabeth I and even beyond, each
being the authority for a single point of law, and some being inconsistent with
others, is the famous English “common law”. Thus English law has been built
through a combination of statute law and judge-made law, the latter being
known as the common law.

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     ������ 81
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     3. ���� � �� �� ���� �� ����� �������� ��������� ����������
���������� ��������� ����� ���� ������ ������.
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     ��������� ���������� ���������;
     �) ��������� ������ ��������������� ���� � ������������ �
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                                       38

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