Education in Great Britain. Бояринцева Е.И - 4 стр.

      Master of Philosophy / M.Phil. (MPhil) – магистр философии          of integrated schools have been established at primary and secondary
(относится и к др. наукам). Присуждается за научную работу, час-          levels with the aim of providing education for Roman Catholic and
тично содержащую материал, разработанный автором.                         Protestant children studying together.
      Doctor of Philosophy / Ph.D. (PhD) – доктор философии.                     Most state school education in England, Scotland and Wales is
Требуется написание самостоятельной работы на основе трехлет-             provided by local government. In England and Wales a new structure
них (или более) исследований.                                             of foundation, community and voluntary schools is being set up. The
      lecturer / instructor (Am.) – преподаватель высшей школы            community category includes schools formerly owned by Local Educa-
      tutor – преподаватель, ведущий практические занятия и вос-          tion Authorities, while the foundation category includes many grant-
питательную работу с определенной группой студентов                       maintained schools, which were outside local authority control. The
                                                                          voluntary category will include schools with a particular religious
       Education in Great Britain and Wales is regulated by the 1944      ethos.
Education Act, the Department of Education and Skills being the cen-             Parents have a statutory right to express a preference for a
tral authority established by law. Scotland and Northern Ireland have     school. National tables are published on the performance of all schools
educational systems of their own basically similar to that of England     throughout Britain. All state schools have to give parents a written
and Wales, but differing considerably in detail. Education in the coun-   annual report on their child’s achievements. Parents are represented
try has been undergoing a series of major reforms since 1988, in-         on school governing bodies, which appoint staff and manage school
cluding the introduction of various forms of school curriculum; the       budgets. Each school is regularly inspected by independent inspectors,
testing and assessment of pupils’ progress and the provision of more      working to agreed national standards.
information about school performance to parents. Education is the top            Broadly based national curricula ensure that pupils study a bal-
priority of the Government. Policy is focused on raising standards in     anced range of subjects. The National Curriculum in England and
schools, ensuring learning targets are achieved, tackling social ex-      Wales consists of statutory subjects for 5- to 16-year-olds. Similar
clusion, broadening access to further and higher education and en-        arrangements exist in Northern Ireland; in Scotland, content and man-
hancing the status and quality of the teaching profession.                agement of the curriculum are not prescribed by statute. All state
       The system of public education in England and Wales is organ-      schools must provide religious education and all state secondary
ized in three stages of Primary, Secondary and Further Education. The     schools are required to provide sex education, although parents have
first 2 are compulsory for all children. Further education is volun-      the right to withdraw their children from these classes. All English
tary. So children study at school from 5 to 16–18 years old. Then they    primary schools are required to have a literacy and numeracy study
can go to work, to further education or to university.                    hour each day.
       All children and young people between the ages of 5 and 16 in             The main school examination, the General Certificate of Secon-
England, Scotland and Wales, and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland, must,      dary Education (GCSE), is taken in England, Wales and Northern Ire-
by law, receive full-time education. Over 9.9 million children attend     land at around age 16. A broadly similar exam system exists in Scot-
33,685 state and private schools in Britain. About 93 % receive free      land.
education financed from public funds, the rest attend fee-paying in-             All qualifications offered to pupils in state schools in England
dependent schools. Boys and girls are taught together in most schools.    and Wales must be approved by the Government. Associated sylla-
In England and Wales non-selective comprehensive education caters         buses and assessment must comply with national guidelines.
for children of all abilities (mixed-ability comprehensive schools).             One of the government objectives is to help young people de-
Nearly all pupils in Scotland attend non-selective schools. Secondary     velop economically relevant skills. It recognizes that school-business
schools are largely selective in Northern Ireland, where a small number   links can raise attainment levels and help pupils to see the relevance
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