Техническое чтение для энергетиков. Бухарова Г.П. - 91 стр.

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very well, and the generator developed 75 amperes output at 100 volts. The little
machine, built in 1884, is now at the Science Museum.
Parsons expected, and experienced, a good deal of opposition – after all, there
were enormous vested interests in the manufacture of reciprocating steam-engines.
He began to build some portable turbo-generators, but there were no buyers.
Strangely enough, a charity event created the necessary publicity for the turbine. In
the winter of 1885-1886, a pond froze over, and a local hospital decided to raise
funds by getting young people to skate on the ice and charging for admission. The
Chief Constable had the idea of asking Mr. Parsons to illuminate the pond with
electric lamps, powered by one of the portable 4-kW turbo-generators.
The event was a great success, and the newspapers wrote about it. The next step
was that the organizers of the Newcastle Exhibition of 1887 asked Parsons to supply
the current for its display of electric lighting. Parsons, who died in 1931 at the age of
76, lived long enough to see one of his turbines producing more than 200,000 kW. He
also suceeded in introducing his steam-turbine as a new prime mover in ship
propulsion.
Until this day, the steam-turbine has held its place as the great prime mover for
the generation of electricity where no water power is available. The steam which
drives them in the power stations may be raised by coal, oil, natural gas, or atomic
energy – but it is invariably the steam-turbine which drives the generators; Diesel-
engines are the exceptions, and are only used where smaller or mobile stations are
required and no fuel but heavy oil is available. Today's steam-turbines, large or small,
run at much lower speeds than Parson's first model, usually at 1,000–3,000 r. p. m.
When, a quarter of a century after Charles Algernon Parsons's death, the first
nuclear power station in the world started up, his steam-turbines were there to convert
the heat from the reactor into mechanical energy for the generators. The atomic age
cannot do without them – not yet.
THERMAL POWER-STATION
A modern thermal power-station is known to consist of four principal
components, namely, coal handling and storage, boiler house, turbine house,
switchgear.
If you have not seen a power-station boiler it will be difficult for you to imagine
its enormous size.
Besides the principal components mentioned above there are many additional
parts of the plant. The most important of them is the turbogenerator in which the cur-
rent is actually generated.
A steam turbine requires boilers to provide steam. Boilers need a coal-handling
plant on the one hand and an ash-disposal plant on the other. Large fans are quite
necessary to provide air for the furnaces. Water for the boilers requires feed pumps.
Steam must be condensed after it has passed through the turbines, and this requires
large quantities of cooling water. The flue gases carry dust which must be removed
by cleaning the gases before they go into the open air.

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