Техническое чтение для энергетиков. Бухарова Г.П. - 92 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

УлГТУ | Ульяновск

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

94
A modern thermal power-station is equipped with one or more turbine generator
units which convert heat energy into electric energy. The steam to drive the turbine
which, in its turn, turns the rotor or revolving part of the generator is generated in
boilers heated by furnaces in which one of three fuels may be used–coal, oil and natu-
ral gas. Coal continues to be the most important and the most economical of these
fuels.
Large installations with mighty turbogenerators are operating at a number of
thermal power-stations in the USSR. It is necessary to point out that the power
machine building industry has started to manufacture even greater capacity
installations for thermal power-stations.
At present great attention is paid to combined generation of heat and electricity
at heat-and-power plants and to centralized heat supply. One of the world's largest
heat-and-power installations is operating at the Moskowskaya thermal power-station-
25.
Thermal power-stations are considered to be the basis of the Soviet power
industry. More than 80% of the country's total power output comes from the above
stations.
It is necessary to say that separate power-stations in our country are integrated
into power systems. Integration of power systems is a higher stage in scientific and
technical development of power engineering. The Integrated Power System in the
central part of the USSR is one of the largest in the world. It covers the territory from
the Volga river to the Western boundaries of our country and is connected with
power systems of the European socialist countries.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER-STATION
Water power was used to drive machinery long before Polzunov and James Watt
harnessed steam to meet man's needs for useful power.
Modern hydroelectric power-stations use water power to turn the machines
which generate electricity. The water power may be obtained from small dams in
rivers or from enormous sources of water power like those to be found in the USSR.
However, most of our electricity, that is about 86 per cent, still comes from steam
power-stations.
In some other countries, such as Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, more
electric energy is produced from water power than from steam. They have-been
developing large hydroelectric power-stations for the past forty years, or so, because
they lack a sufficient fuel supply. The tendency, nowadays, even for countries that
have large coal resources is to utilize their water power in order to conserve their
resources of coal. As a matter of fact, almost one half of the total electric supply of
the world comes from water power.
The locality of a hydroelectric power plant depends on natural conditions. The
hydroelectric power plant may be located either at the dam or at a considerable
distance below. That depends on the desirability of using the head supply at the dam
itself or the desirability of getting a greater head.-In the latter case, water is conducted

Страницы