Техническое чтение для энергетиков. Бухарова Г.П. - 94 стр.

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our country has achieved a great progress in this field. It should be noted that while
the unit capacity of the Obninsk nuclear power-plant was five thousand kW, that of
the first unit of the Leningradskaya nuclear power-plant was one million kW.
Our industry produces two main types of reactors namely vessel-type reactors
and channel-type reactors. The former are installed at the Novovoronezhskaya and
the Armenian nuclear power-plants, the latter operating at the Leningradskaya and
Kurskaya power-plants.
It is necessary to mention here that channel-type reactors have been operating
since 1954 at the world's first nuclear power-plant and in the far North-East of our
country where they produce both electricity and heat.
The nuclear power-stations are mostly designed for generation of electricity. If a
station generates only electric energy, it is equipped with condensing turbines and the
station is known as a condensing one. At present the nuclear power-stations mainly
operate as condensing plants. The nuclear power-stations designed to produce not
only electrical energy but also heat are called nuclear heat-and-power plants.
A fast-neutron reactor which supplies both electricity and heat for desalting sea
water was put into operation in Shevchenko on the Caspain Sea. Its capacity is partly
used for generating electricity, the rest going as heat to obtain desalted water. It
should be also mentioned that that area has no natural fresh water and was a lifeless
desert before the nuclear power plant began operating there.
According to the program of nuclear power development, the nuclear power
plants are mainly built in the European part of the USSR. This increases the power
supply reliability in the most industrially developed areas of our country. Besides it
reduces the transportation of fuel from the East and saves millions tons of coal and
oil.
In 1979, there were 226 nuclear power-plants all over the world. It is not a very
great figure compared with the thermal and hydropower stations. However, by the
end of the present century half of all the world's electricity will come from nuclear
power plants.
Of all the methods of energy production nuclear power engineering presents the
least danger to nature. But so far it is incapable of providing the necessary amount of
energy–the road It has passed is too short. Therefore, along with the accelerated
construction of nuclear power-stations, much attention will be paid in the USSR to
the development of coal-based thermal power-stations reliably provided with fuel
resources.
In keeping with the economic and social development plan of the USSR for
1981-1985 and for the period up to 1990 electricity production will reach a great
figure.
REACTOR OF THE FUTURE
Man receives nine-tenths of the energy he needs by burning valuable materials
like oil, coal and gas in furnaces and engines. However, the resources of these
materials are not unlimited. It is estimated that they will be exhausted in 150-200

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