Техническое чтение для энергетиков. Бухарова Г.П. - 96 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

УлГТУ | Ульяновск

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

98
hydrogen it contains in enormous amounts.
In short, our scientists do their best to carry out a controllable thermonuclear
reaction so as to light up the man-made sun on earth.
NON-TRADITIONAL RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
It is known that much is being done in the world today for the development of
non-traditional sources of energy. Without them the Earth cannot support its present
population of 5 billion people and probably 8 billion people in the 21st century.
Now we are using traditional powerhouses, that is, oil, natural gas, coal and
water power with the consumption of more than 50 billion barrels per year. It is
evident that these sources are not unlimited.
That is why it is so important to use such renewable sources of energy as the
sun, wind, geothermal energy and others. Research is being carried out in these fields.
One of the most promising (перспективный) research is the development of
power stations with direct transformation of solar energy into electricity on the basis
of photo-effect. It was Russia that was the first in the world to develop and test a
photoelectric battery of 32,000-volts and effective area of only 0.5 sq.m., which made
it possible to concentrate solar radiation. This idea is now being intensively
developed in many countries.
However, the efficiency of a solar power station is considerably reduced
because of the limited time of its work during the year. But it is possible to improve
the efficiency of solar power stations by developing different combinations of solar
power stations and traditional ones – thermal, atomic and hydraulic. Today some
engineers are working at the problem of developing electric power stations with the
use of a thermal-chemical cycle. It will operate on products of the transformation of
solar energy, whereas me «solar» chemical reactor uses CO2 and water steam of the
thermal power station. The result is that we have a closed cycle.
In Kamchatka there are geothermal, power stations operating on hot water-
steam mixture from the depths of about a kilometre. In some projects water will be
heated by the warmth of mountains at a depth of four-five km.
It is planned that plants working on the energy of the solar heat provided by the
sun will be built on a larger scale.
That different wind energy plants are being developed is also well-known.
These energy plants can be small (of several kilowatts) and large powerful systems.
It is important that all these advances in developing new sources of energy and
improving the old ones help to solve the energy problem as a whole and they do not
have negative effects on the environment.
NEW HOPE FOR ENERGY
Recently some ceramic materials have been found to be superconductors.
Superconducting ceramics are substances which can transmit electric currents with no
loss of energy at temperatures much higher than conventional superconductors (that

Страницы