How to Discuss a Story. Бунеева И.М - 61 стр.

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third-person narration the point of view of the narrator is necessarily subjective,
since this character doesn not know what others may think or want.

In a story narrated in the third person (he, she, they) the narrator who is not taking
part in the story may give a complete view of the characters and events. Sometimes
the narrator can penetrate the thoughts of one or two characters only and provides a
subjective view of characters and events.

Very rarely stories are narrated in the second person using the pronoun YOU as a
direct address to the reader thus drawing the reader into the story.

Narration is the presentation of events in their development.

Description is the presentation of the atmosphere, the scenery etc. in the literary
work.

Dialogue, or conversation, reflects characters, situations in which they find
themselves and often helps push the plot along.

All these forms of presentations, as a rule, interrelate in a literary text.

Tone

The tone of a story refers to the attitude of the writer or to that of the characters in
the story. For example, the tone may be humorous, sarcastic, ironic, cheerful,
pessimistic, angry, unfeeling or satirical.

Flashback

The flashback is a narrative technique in which a narrator or character interrupts the
present time and returns to the past, through this device some aspect of the character
or incident is illuminated. The flashback is often used to highlight the significance
of certain events.