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ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ
ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÎÁÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈß ..........................................................5
ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ .........................................................................................6
1. ÏÎÍßÒÈÅ Î ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÈ È ÌÎÄÅËßÕ
 ÃÅÎÕÈÌÈÈ ..............................................................................13
2. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÎËÎÆÅÍÈß ÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ
ÒÅÐÌÎÄÈÍÀÌÈÊÈ ...................................................................17
2.1. Îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ è îïðåäåëåíèÿ .......................................17
2.2. Îñíîâíûå çàêîíû òåðìîäèíàìèêè .......................................26
2.3. Èñïîëüçóåìûå âåëè÷èíû
è ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå óðàâíåíèÿ ............................................29
2.4. Ïîëåçíûå ôîðìàëüíûå ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ..................................35
2.5. Òåðìîäèíàìè÷åñêèå ïîòåíöèàëû,
ôèçè÷åñêèå êîíñòàíòû, åäèíèöû èçìåðåíèÿ,
îáîçíà÷åíèÿ, ñòàíäàðòíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ ..................................36
3. ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÎÑÍÎÂÛ ÐÀÑ×ÅÒÀ
ÔÈÇÈÊÎ-ÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÐÀÂÍÎÂÅÑÈÉ
 ÑËÎÆÍÛÕ ÌÍÎÃÎÔÀÇÍÛÕ
ÃÅÒÅÐÎÃÅÍÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ .................................................38
3.1. Èñòîðèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ìåòîäîâ
ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ..................................38
3.2. Ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå è ýêñïåðèìåíò ..........49
3.3. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå è òåîðåòè÷åñêèå âîïðîñû
ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ â ãåîõèìèè ..............50
3.4. Ìèíèìèçàöèÿ ýíåðãèè Ãèááñà .............................................52
3.5. Îòêðûòûå è çàêðûòûå ñèñòåìû ïî Ä.Ñ. Êîðæèíñêîìó ......56
3.6. Ïðèíöèï ÷àñòè÷íîãî ðàâíîâåñèÿ è àëãîðèòì ðàñ÷åòà
íåîáðàòèìîé ýâîëþöèè ãåîõèìè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì .................64
3.7. Îáðàòíûå ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå çàäà÷è
â ãåîõèìèè è ïåòðîëîãèè ......................................................69
–3– ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÎÁÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈß ..........................................................5 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ .........................................................................................6 1. ÏÎÍßÒÈÅ Î ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÈ È ÌÎÄÅËßÕ Â ÃÅÎÕÈÌÈÈ ..............................................................................13 2. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÎËÎÆÅÍÈß ÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÒÅÐÌÎÄÈÍÀÌÈÊÈ ...................................................................17 2.1. Îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ è îïðåäåëåíèÿ .......................................17 2.2. Îñíîâíûå çàêîíû òåðìîäèíàìèêè .......................................26 2.3. Èñïîëüçóåìûå âåëè÷èíû è ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå óðàâíåíèÿ ............................................29 2.4. Ïîëåçíûå ôîðìàëüíûå ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ..................................35 2.5. Òåðìîäèíàìè÷åñêèå ïîòåíöèàëû, ôèçè÷åñêèå êîíñòàíòû, åäèíèöû èçìåðåíèÿ, îáîçíà÷åíèÿ, ñòàíäàðòíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ ..................................36 3. ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÎÑÍÎÂÛ ÐÀÑ×ÅÒÀ ÔÈÇÈÊÎ-ÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÐÀÂÍÎÂÅÑÈÉ Â ÑËÎÆÍÛÕ ÌÍÎÃÎÔÀÇÍÛÕ ÃÅÒÅÐÎÃÅÍÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ .................................................38 3.1. Èñòîðèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ìåòîäîâ ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ..................................38 3.2. Ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå è ýêñïåðèìåíò ..........49 3.3. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå è òåîðåòè÷åñêèå âîïðîñû ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ â ãåîõèìèè ..............50 3.4. Ìèíèìèçàöèÿ ýíåðãèè Ãèááñà .............................................52 3.5. Îòêðûòûå è çàêðûòûå ñèñòåìû ïî Ä.Ñ. Êîðæèíñêîìó ......56 3.6. Ïðèíöèï ÷àñòè÷íîãî ðàâíîâåñèÿ è àëãîðèòì ðàñ÷åòà íåîáðàòèìîé ýâîëþöèè ãåîõèìè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì .................64 3.7. Îáðàòíûå ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå çàäà÷è â ãåîõèìèè è ïåòðîëîãèè ......................................................69