Химическая физика. Черемисин А.А. - 3 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

СФУ | Красноярск

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

5
L_fZ  L_ieh\hc \aju\ Fh^_eb GG K_f_gh\Z b >: NjZgdDZf_g_pdh]h Mkeh\by \aju\Z
Djblbq_kdb_ iZjZf_lju I_jbh^ bg^mdpbb Ij_^\aju\ghc jZah]j_\ >\moklZ^bcgh_
\hkieZf_g_gb_m]e_\h^hjh^h\
=hj_gb_]Zah\q
L_fZAZ`b]Zgb_]Zah\uo kf_k_cAZ`b]Zgb_]hjxq_ckf_kb]Zah\ gZ]j_lhckl_gdhcb bkdjhc
FbgbfZevgZywg_j]byaZ`b]Zgby
L_fZEZfbgZjgu_ieZf_gZ<heguobfbq_kdh]hij_\jZs_gbyGhjfZevgZybnmg^Zf_glZevgZy
kdhjhklb]hj_gby>bnnmabhggh_jZkijhkljZg_gb_ieZf_gboheh^gu_bahl_jfbq_kdb_ieZf_gZ
L_ieh\h_ jZkijhkljZg_gb_ ieZf_gb JZkij_^_e_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju b dhgp_gljZpbc j_Z]bjmxsbo
\_s_kl\ \h njhgl_ ieZf_gb <ebygb_khklZ\Z b khklhygby ]hjxq_c kf_kb gZ kdhjhklv ieZf_gb
Mklhcqb\hklvghjfZevgh]h]hj_gby]Zah\b`b^dhkl_cJZkijhkljZg_gb_ieZf_gb\khkm^Zo
L_fZ  IeZf_gZ \ lmj[me_glghfihlhd_ =hj_gb_ \ lmj[me_glghf ihlhd_ :\lhlmj[mebaZpby \
ijhp_kk_jZkijhkljZg_gbyieZf_gbKlZ[bebaZpbyieZf_gb
L_fZIj_^_eujZkijhkljZg_gbyieZf_gbDjblbq_kdbc^bZf_ljHdhehij_^_evgu_y\e_gby
=hj_gb_dhg^_gkbjh\Zgguokbkl_fq
L_fZ  Fgh]hklZ^bcghklv \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ ahg ]hj_gby Hkh[_gghklb f_oZgbafh\ ]hj_gby
e_lmqbo b g_e_lmqbo << ]hfh]_gguo b kf_k_\uo lhieb\ bgbpbbjmxsbo << f_lZeeh\ Jhev
bkiZj_gby]ZabnbdZpbbb^bki_j]bjh\ZgbyWe_f_glZjgu_fh^_eb]hj_gby
L_fZL_hjbyaZ`b]Zgby<<]ZahnZagZy]_l_jhnZagZyb\dhg^_gkbjh\ZgghcnZa_
G_klZpbhgZjgh_]hj_gb_q
L_fZFh^_ebA_ev^h\bqZbGh\h`beh\ZDhe_[Zl_evgu_j_`bfu]hj_gbyI_j_oh^]hj_gby\
]Zah\uobdhg^_gkbjh\Zgguokbkl_fZo\^_lhgZpbx
IIIA:>:QB>EYJ?R?GBYG:K?FBG:J:O
 JZkkqblZlv bkihevamy ^Zggu_ ih wg_j]byf k\ya_c b wg_j]byf jZaju\Z k\ya_c l_ieh\u_
wnn_dluke_^mxsboj_Zdpbc
2H
2
+ O
2
= 2H
2
O]
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
2
= CH
3
− CH
3
. (2)
KjZ\gblv k l_jfh^bgZfbq_kdbfb ^Zggufb L_ieh\hc wnn_dl j_ZdpbbkjZ\gblv k l_ieh\uf
wnn_dlhfj_Zdpbb
2H
2
+ O
2
= 2H
2
O (`).
JZkkqblZlvklZg^Zjlgu_l_ieh\u_wnn_dlu
0
29
8
H∆ j_Zdpbbk]hjZgbyf_lZgZCH
4
^hCO
2
bH
2
O;
j_Zdpbb k]hjZgby f_lbe]b^jZabgZCH
6
N
2
^h N
2
 j_Zdpbb k]hjZgby Zp_lbe_gZ ^h CO
2
b H
2
O;
j_Zdpbb
Fe
2
O
3
lAll FelAl
2
O
3
l
Bkihevah\ZlvagZq_gbyl_iehlh[jZah\Zgbydhfihg_glh\j_Zdpbc
JZkkqblZlvl_ieh\hcwnn_dl
0
29
8
H∆ j_Zdpbb\h^ygh]hiZjZ
CO + H
2
O (]) = CO
2
+ H
2
ihl_iehlZfk]hjZgby CO \ CO
2
b H
2
\ H
2
Oljm^ghhkms_kl\bfhc j_Zdpbb Cl  O
2
= CO
2
ih
l_ieh\ufwnn_dlZfj_Zdpbbk]hjZgbyCl^hCObCO^hCO
2
.
6
 Ij_g_[j_]Zy \ebygb_f dhe_[Zl_evguo kl_i_g_c k\h[h^u gZ l_ieh_fdhklv hp_gblv l_ieh\u_
wnn_dluj_Zdpbc
CO + ½ O
2
= CO
2
b
H
2
+ O
2
= 2H
2
O (
]
)
ijbL =1000DihklZg^Zjlgufl_ieh\ufwnn_dlZf
0
29
8
H∆ Ijb\e_dZy^Zggu_ihl_ieh_fdhklyf
jZkkqblZlv l_ieh\u_ wnn_dlu wlbo j_Zdpbc Hij_^_eblv l_ieh\u_ wnn_dlu j_Zdpbc ijb
ihklhygghfh[t_f_
0
29
8
U∆ DZdaZ\bkyll_ieh\u_wnn_dluwlboj_Zdpbchl^Z\e_gby"
<ujZablvdhgklZglmjZ\gh\_kby
K
:
j_ZdpbbCO + ½ O
2
= CO
2
q_j_adhgklZglmjZ\gh\_kby
K
′
j_ZdpbbCO + O
2
= 2CO
2
;
j_ZdpbbClO
2
= 2CO
2
q_j_adhgklZglujZ\gh\_kby
K
′
b
K
′′
j_ZdpbcCl½ O
2
= CO
2
b
CO + ½ O
2
= CO
2
khhl\_lkl\_ggh
j_ZdpbbCO + HO
2
]CO
2
+ H
2
q_j_adhgklZglujZ\gh\_kby
K
′
b
K
′′
j_ZdpbcCO + O
2
=
2CO
2
bH
2
+ O
2
= 2H
2
O]khhl\_lkl\_ggh
 I_j\hgZqZevgh ]Zah\Zy kf_kv kh^_j`ZeZ  \h^ygh]h iZjZ b  COih fZkk_ H[s__
dhebq_kl\h H
2
O [uehd] < kbkl_f_ ijhl_dZ_l j_Zdpby ih^qbgyxsZyky kl_obhf_ljbq_kdhfm
mjZ\g_gbx
CO + H
2
O = CO
2
+ H
2
.
Hij_^_eblv jZ\gh\_kguc khklZ\ kf_kb b \uoh^ \h^hjh^Z ih fZkk_ ijb L  D DhgklZglZ
jZ\gh\_kby
c
K
= 4,12.
>bkkhpbZpbyq_luj_ohdbkbZahlZijhl_dZ_lihmjZ\g_gbx
N
2
O
4
= 2NO
2
.
IjbL = 298Dbp = 1,0⋅10
5
IZN
2
O
4
^bkkhpbbjh\ZgZgZHij_^_eblvkl_i_gv^bkkhpbZpbb
ijblhc`_l_fi_jZlmj_ghp = 0,5⋅10
5
IZ
Ijb[eb`_gghjZkkqblZlvdhgklZglmjZ\gh\_kbywlhcj_Zdpbb^eyLDJZkkqblZlvkdhevdh
fhe_c N
2
O
4
gm`gh ihf_klblv \f
3
 qlh[u dhgp_gljZpby NO
2
ijb wlhc l_fi_jZlmj_ [ueZ
fhevf
3
.
Hp_gblvZ^bZ[Zlbq_kdmxl_fi_jZlmjm]hj_gbykl_obhf_ljbq_kdhc]j_fmq_ckf_kb
2H
2
+ O = 2H
2
O
ijb ihklhygghf ^Z\e_gbb b ijb ihklhygghf h[t_f_ [_a mq_lZ ^bkkhpbZpbb ijh^mdlh\ j_Zdpbb
Hp_gblv \ebygb_ ^bkkhpbZpbb gZ l_fi_jZlmjm ]hj_gby Hp_gblv l_fi_jZlmjm ]hj_gby ijb
jZa[Z\e_gbb]j_fmq_ckf_kbbg_jlguf]ZahfgZfhevkf_kb±fhevbg_jlgh]h]ZaZ
Hij_^_eblvihjy^hdj_Zdpbbdhg\_jkbbiZjZ\h^hjh^Z\hjlh\h^hjh^ijbL
= 923
Dbkihevamy
ke_^mxsb_wdki_jbf_glZevgu_^Zggu_
pIZ⋅
10
−
2
66,65 133,3 266,6 533,2
τ
1/2
k
 J_Zdpby l_jfbq_kdh]h jZaeh`_gbywlZgZ y\ey_lky j_Zdpb_c i_j\h]h ihjy^dZ Ijb L
= 823
D
dhgklZglZ kdhjhklb wlhc j_Zdpbb jZ\gZ⋅
10
5
k
−
1
 Z ijb L  D ± ⋅
10
5
k
−
1
 JZkkqblZlv
i_jbh^ihemij_\jZs_gby^eywlhcj_ZdpbbijbL D

Страницы