Основы языка программирования C++ с применением объектно-ориентированного программирования. Чернышов М.К. - 35 стр.

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int printf(char* format, ...)
ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ
ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ,
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨ-
ɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɟ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
printf():
printf("\n x=%d, y=%f %s",x,y,st);
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɫɥɟɜɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ, ɤɨɩɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ
«\n» ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɧɚ
ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɪ-
ɦɚɬɚ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ
x ɛɵɥɚ ɬɢɩɚ int, y -
ɬɢɩɚ
float, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ st - ɬɢɩɚ char*.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɧɵɣ ɜɜɨɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
int scanf(char* format, ...)
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ-
ɧɵɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢ-
ɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ. ɉɪɨɛɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɫɱɢɬɚ-
ɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ, ɬɚɛɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɨɧɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ-
ɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ, ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭ-
ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɜɜɨɞɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɵ-
ɡɨɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
scanf("%d %d %f", &x1, &x2, &y);
Ɂɞɟɫɶ x1 ɢ x2 ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɢɩɚ int, ɚ y - ɬɢɩɚ float. ȼɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ
ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɦ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɋɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Borland
C++.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ (ɜɵ-
ɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ) ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ. ȼɋɢ++
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸ-
ɳɢɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ:
35
int printf(char* format, ...)
ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ
ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ,
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨ-
ɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɟ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ printf():
     printf("\n x=%d, y=%f %s",x,y,st);
    ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɫɥɟɜɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ, ɤɨɩɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ «\n» ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɧɚ
ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɪ-
ɦɚɬɚ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ x ɛɵɥɚ ɬɢɩɚ int, y -
ɬɢɩɚ float, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ st - ɬɢɩɚ char*.
    Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɧɵɣ ɜɜɨɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
int scanf(char* format, ...)
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ-
ɧɵɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢ-
ɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ. ɉɪɨɛɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɫɱɢɬɚ-
ɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ, ɬɚɛɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɨɧɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ-
ɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ, ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭ-
ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɜɜɨɞɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɵ-
ɡɨɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
     scanf("%d %d %f", &x1, &x2, &y);
    Ɂɞɟɫɶ x1 ɢ x2 ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɢɩɚ int, ɚ y - ɬɢɩɚ float. ȼɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ
ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɦ.
    Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɋɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Borland
C++.
    ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ (ɜɵ-
ɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ) ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ. ȼ ɋɢ++
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸ-
ɳɢɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ:

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