Системы топливопитания ГТД. Чигрин В.С - 5 стр.

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5
ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ
ɮɨɪɫɚɠɚ.
ɇɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɢɫ. 1. ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ:
– ɉɇ – ɛɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ;
– Ⱦɐɇ – ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ;
– ɊɍȾ – ɪɵɱɚɝ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ;
– ɇȼȾ – ɧɚɫɨɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɥɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ;
– ɉɄɈ, ɉɄɎ – ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɪɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ;
– ɉȼɈ, ɉȼɎ – ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ;
– ȺɊɌ, ȺɊɌɎ – ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ;
– ɄɄɈ, ɄɄɎ – ɤɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɚ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɮɨɪɫɚɠɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɬɟɥɚ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɤɚɦɢ
ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɭɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɨɜ, ɥɟɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɜɭɤɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ȼɨɡɞɭɯ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
3. Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ʉ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ, ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ,
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢ
3.1. ɉɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ
ɉɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ (Ⱦɐɇ
) ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɪɟɠɟ – ɲɟɫɬɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɧɵɟ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞ
                                                              5
ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ
ɮɨɪɫɚɠɚ.
     ɇɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɢɫ. 1. ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ:
     –   ɉɇ – ɛɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ;
     –   Ⱦɐɇ – ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ;
     –   ɊɍȾ – ɪɵɱɚɝ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ;
     –   ɇȼȾ – ɧɚɫɨɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
         ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɥɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ;
     –   ɉɄɈ, ɉɄɎ – ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɪɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ;
     –   ɉȼɈ, ɉȼɎ – ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ
         ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ;
     –   ȺɊɌ, ȺɊɌɎ – ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ
         ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ;
     –   ɄɄɈ, ɄɄɎ – ɤɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɢ
         ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.
     Ʉɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɚ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɮɨɪɫɚɠɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
     Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɬɟɥɚ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɤɚɦɢ
ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɭɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.
     Ⱦɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɨɜ, ɥɟɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɜɭɤɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ȼɨɡɞɭɯ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
                     3. Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
     Ʉ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ, ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ,
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢ
                  3.1. ɉɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ
     ɉɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ (Ⱦɐɇ) ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ     ɞɥɹ    ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ   ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ    ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ   ɜ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
     ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɪɟɠɟ – ɲɟɫɬɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɧɵɟ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞ

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