Основы измерений. Долгополов В.Т. - 29 стр.

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ihke_^g_f kemqZ_, baf_jbl_evgZy kbkl_fZ ^he`gZ h[eZ^Zlv bklhqgbdhf \ha[m`^_gby.
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ij_h[jZah\Zgby kb]gZeZ. Ihke_ ij_h[jZah\Zgby kb]gZe ^he`_g [ulv ih^\_j]gml
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kb]gZe fh`_l [ulv bkihevah\Zg ^ey j_]bkljZpbb, ^ey bg^bdZpbb (b ^h\_^_gby ^h
k\_^_gby wdki_jbf_glZlhjZ) b/beb ^ey mijZ\e_gby. Khhl\_lkl\_ggh, baf_jbl_evgZy
kbkl_fZ fh`_l \dexqZlv \ k_[y gZ \uoh^_ ljb [ehdZ, \dexq_gguo \ iZjZee_ev:
j_]bkljZpbb, bg^bdZpbb b mijZ\e_gby.
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ki_pbnbq_kdbo j_Zdpbyo (obfbq_kdb_ ^Zlqbdb) b gZ bkihevah\Zgbb nbabq_kdbo
ijbgpbih\. G_dhlhju_ ba ^Zlqbdh\ \lhjh]h jh^Z djZldh jZkkfhlj_gu gb`_.
H[sb_ ijbgpbiu. Baf_jbl_evguc ^Zlqbd wlh mkljhckl\h, ij_h[jZamxs__ kb]gZe
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`_eZl_evgh bf_lv ebg_cgh_. >ey memqr_gby ebg_cghklb b h^gh\j_f_ggh \\_^_gby
iZjZee_evghc dhfi_gkZpbb bkihevamxlky ^Zlqbdb \ [ZeZgkghc dhgnb]mjZpbb.
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khklhbl \ bkihevah\Zgbb baf_jbl_evguo ^Zlqbdh\ k h[jZlghc k\yavx. Imklv m gZk bf__lky
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g_ebg_cghklvx, b \lhjhc ^Zlqbd L
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bkihevah\Zgb_ h^gh]h i_j\h]h ^ZlqbdZ djZcg_ g_\u]h^gh. KhklZ\bf p_iv h[jZlghc k\yab,
ihdZaZggmx gZ Jbk. 28
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kb]gZe fh`_l [ulv bkihevah\Zg ^ey j_]bkljZpbb, ^ey bg^bdZpbb (b ^h\_^_gby ^h
k\_^_gby wdki_jbf_glZlhjZ) b/beb ^ey mijZ\e_gby. Khhl\_lkl\_ggh, baf_jbl_evgZy
kbkl_fZ fh`_l \dexqZlv \ k_[y gZ \uoh^_ ljb [ehdZ, \dexq_gguo \ iZjZee_ev:
j_]bkljZpbb, bg^bdZpbb b mijZ\e_gby.

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ijhfure_gghklb, jZajZ[hldZ ^Zlqbdh\ (qZklh bo gZau\Zxl k_gkhjZfb) klZeZ [mjgh
jZa\b\Zxs_cky h[eZklvx ijbdeZ^ghc gZmdb. >Zlqbdb fh]ml [ulv hkgh\Zgu gZ
ki_pbnbq_kdbo j_Zdpbyo (obfbq_kdb_ ^Zlqbdb) b gZ bkihevah\Zgbb nbabq_kdbo
ijbgpbih\. G_dhlhju_ ba ^Zlqbdh\ \lhjh]h jh^Z djZldh jZkkfhlj_gu gb`_.
      H[sb_ ijbgpbiu. Baf_jbl_evguc ^Zlqbd wlh mkljhckl\h, ij_h[jZamxs__ kb]gZe
h^gh]h lbiZ (kf_s_gb_, l_fi_jZlmjm, kdhjhklv , mkdhj_gb_, ^_nhjfZpbx b l.^.) \ kb]gZe
^jm]h]h lbiZ (we_dljbq_kdbc, \ ih^Z\eyxs_f [hevrbgkl\_ kemqZ_\). Ij_h[jZah\Zgb_
`_eZl_evgh bf_lv ebg_cgh_. >ey memqr_gby ebg_cghklb b h^gh\j_f_ggh \\_^_gby
iZjZee_evghc dhfi_gkZpbb bkihevamxlky ^Zlqbdb \ [ZeZgkghc dhgnb]mjZpbb.
Ij_^klZ\bf k_[_, qlh m gZk bf__lky ^\Z ^ZlqbdZ k h^bgZdh\hc i_j_^Zlhqghc
oZjZdl_jbklbdhc y=f(x). jm]Zy \hafh`ghklv kbevgh ih\ukblv ebg_cghklv b g_qm\kl\bl_evghklv d ihf_oZf
khklhbl \ bkihevah\Zgbb baf_jbl_evguo ^Zlqbdh\ k h[jZlghc k\yavx. Imklv m gZk bf__lky
^Zlqbd L1, hkms_kl\eyxsbc ijyfh_ ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ y=f(x) , h[eZ^Zxsbc kbevghc
g_ebg_cghklvx, b \lhjhc ^Zlqbd L2, hkms_kl\eyxsbc h[jZlgh_ ij_h[jZah\Zgb_.