Основы измерений. Долгополов В.Т. - 30 стр.

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МФТИ | Москва

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Ihkdhevdm ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev L
1
kem`bl \ wlhc ko_f_ 0 –bg^bdZlhjhf, ebg_cghklv
khklZ\ghc kbkl_fu [m^_l hij_^_eylvky ebg_cghklvx ^ZlqbdZ L
2
.
DZd ijZ\beh, ^bgZfbq_kdbc ^bZiZahg baf_jbl_evguo ^Zlqbdh\ g_ \_ebd: hl 3 ^h 10.
>Zlqbdb kf_s_gby.
J_abklb\gu_ ^Zlqbdb kf_s_gby.
Ijhkl_crbf ^Zlqbdhf kf_s_gby y\ey_lky j_hklZl k ^\b`dhf, \ dhlhjhf
khijhlb\e_gb_ f_`^m h^gbf ba dhglZdlh\ j_hklZlZ b ^\b`dhf ijhihjpbhgZevgh
kf_s_gbx ^\b`dZ. <hafh`ghklb lZdh]h jh^Z ^Zlqbdh\ h]jZgbq_gu dhg_qghc
jZaj_rZxs_c kihkh[ghklvx (h[mkeh\e_gghc dhg_qguf ^bZf_ljhf ijh\h^Z j_hklZlZ), Z
kjhd kem`[u h]jZgbq_g f_oZgbq_kdbf baghkhf ^\b`dZ.
< ^jm]bo lbiZo j_abklb\guo ^Zlqbdh\ kf_s_gby (l_gahf_ljZo) bkihevam_lky lhl
nZdl, qlh khijhlb\e_gb_ f_lZeebq_kdh]h ijh\h^gbdZ aZ\bkbl hl _]h ^ebgu b ihi_j_qgh]h
k_q_gby. GZ lhgdmx ih^eh`dm gZghkyl f_lZeebq_kdmx nhev]m lZd, dZd wlh ihdZaZgh gZ
Jbk. 26. Nhev]m gZghkyl \ \b^_ f_Zg^jZ, qlh[u m\_ebqblv qm\kl\bl_evghklv ^ZlqbdZ.
F_klZ ih\hjhlZ ^_eZxl kms_kl\_ggh [he__ rbjhdbfb b dhjhldbfb, q_f baf_jbl_evgu_
f_lZeebq_kdb_ ihehkdb, qlh[u mf_gvrblv qm\kl\bl_evghklv ^ZlqbdZ d ^_nhjfZpbyf \
i_ji_g^bdmeyjghf gZijZ\e_gbb. Ijh[e_fu lZdbo ^Zlqbdh\ k\yaZgu k g_h[oh^bfhklvx
`_kldhc kde_cdb k baf_jy_fuf h[t_dlhf , \ l_jfbq_kdhf jZkrbj_gbb ih^eh`db, Z lZd`_
k l_fi_jZlmjghc aZ\bkbfhklvx khijhlb\e_gby f_lZeebq_kdhc ie_gdb. Ihke_^g__
hkh[_ggh kms_kl\_ggh, _keb \f_klh f_lZeeZ bkihevam_lky ihemijh\h^gbdh\Zy ie_gdZ.
Jbk. 29.
?fdhklgu_ ^Zlqbdb kf_s_gby.
Ihkdhevdm \_ebqbgZ _fdhklb ijhihjpbhgZevgZ iehsZ^b ieZklbg dhg^_gkZlhjZ,
h[jZlgh ijhihjpbhgZevgZ jZkklhygbx f_`^m gbfb b ijhihjpbhgZevgZ ^bwe_dljbq_kdhc
ijhgbpZ_fhklb kj_^u, ijbgpbibZevgh \hafh`gu ljb lbiZ _fdhklguo ^Zlqbdh\ kf_s_gby,
bah[jZ`_ggu_ gZ Jbk. 30. 
Ihkdhevdm ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev L1 kem`bl \ wlhc ko_f_ 0 –bg^bdZlhjhf, ebg_cghklv
khklZ\ghc kbkl_fu [m^_l hij_^_eylvky ebg_cghklvx ^ZlqbdZ L2.
DZd ijZ\beh, ^bgZfbq_kdbc ^bZiZahg baf_jbl_evguo ^Zlqbdh\ g_ \_ebd: hl 3 ^h 10.
 >Zlqbdb kf_s_gby.
J_abklb\gu_ ^Zlqbdb kf_s_gby.
       Ijhkl_crbf ^Zlqbdhf kf_s_gby y\ey_lky j_hklZl k ^\b`dhf, \ dhlhjhf
khijhlb\e_gb_ f_`^m h^gbf ba dhglZdlh\ j_hklZlZ b ^\b`dhf ijhihjpbhgZevgh
kf_s_gbx ^\b`dZ.

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